Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 3

Some defences sound like cartoons but are real: a beetle that fires boiling chemicals from its bottom with a pop, and a lizard that squirts blood from its eyes.

Who acts: defences, beetle, lizard · What happens: sound, be, fire, boil, squirt · To what, where: boiling chemicals, bottom, blood, eyes

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (defences, beetle, lizard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 defences	det
2	defences	defence	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sound	nsubj
3	sound	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	like	like	ADP	_	5 cartoons	case
5	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sound	obl
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 real	cc
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 real	cop
8	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sound	conj
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 beetle	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 beetle	det
11	beetle	beetle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 defences	appos
12	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 fires	nsubj
13	fires	fire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 beetle	acl:relcl
14	boiling	boil	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 chemicals	amod
15	chemicals	chemical	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 fires	obj
16	from	from	ADP	_	18 bottom	case
17	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 bottom	nmod:poss
18	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fires	obl
19	with	with	ADP	_	21 pop	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 pop	det
21	pop	pop	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fires	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 lizard	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 lizard	cc
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 lizard	det
25	lizard	lizard	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 beetle	conj
26	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 squirts	nsubj
27	squirts	squirt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 lizard	acl:relcl
28	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 squirts	obj
29	from	from	ADP	_	31 eyes	case
30	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 eyes	nmod:poss
31	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 squirts	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sound	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	sound	present	some defences			like cartoons	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	is	present	some defences not said here			real property	tree rules
3	fire	present	a beetle and a lizard	boiling chemicals	tortoise's bottom	with a pop	vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent chemical=Theme from bottom=Initial_Location
4	boil	gerund					vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	squirt	present	a lizard	blood	tortoise's eyes		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent blood=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/3/