Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 10

A tortoise's shell is part of its skeleton, joined to its backbone and ribs, so it can never climb out; some tortoises live over 150 years, and Jonathan on Saint Helena was reported to be born around 1832.

Who acts: shell, tortoises · What happens: be, join, not climb out, live, report, bear · To what, where: part, Jonathan, 1832

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shell, tortoises), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 tortoise	det
2	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shell	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 tortoise	case
4	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 part	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 part	cop
6	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 skeleton	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 skeleton	nmod:poss
9	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 part	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 joined	punct
11	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 part	conj
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 backbone	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 backbone	nmod:poss
14	backbone	backbone	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 joined	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 ribs	cc
16	ribs	rib	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 backbone	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 climb	punct
18	so	so	ADV	_	22 climb	advmod
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 climb	nsubj
20	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 climb	aux
21	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	22 climb	advmod
22	climb	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 part	conj
23	out	out	ADV	_	22 climb	advmod
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 live	punct
25	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	26 tortoises	det
26	tortoises	tortoise	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 live	nsubj
27	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 climb	conj
28	over	over	ADP	_	30 years	case
29	150	150	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	30 years	nummod
30	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 live	obl
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 reported	punct
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 reported	cc
33	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	Number=Sing	38 reported	nsubj:pass
34	on	on	ADP	_	38 reported	case
35	Saint	Saint	PROPN	Number=Sing	33 Jonathan	nmod
36	Helena	Helena	PROPN	Number=Sing	35 Saint	flat
37	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	38 reported	aux:pass
38	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 live	conj
39	to	to	PART	_	41 born	mark
40	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	41 born	aux:pass
41	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	38 reported	xcomp
42	around	around	ADP	_	43 1832	case
43	1832	1832	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	41 born	obl
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 part	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a tortoise's shell	part			of shell's skeleton	tree rules
2	join	participle	a tortoise's shell not said here				to shell's backbone and ribs	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient to backbone=Co-Patient
3	not climb out	can	shell				out property	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	live	present	some tortoises			year		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	report	past · passive		Jonathan Saint				tree rules
6	bear	to-infinitive · passive			1832			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/10/