Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 11

Sea urchins are covered with movable spines that point towards a threat, and their mouth underneath has five teeth called Aristotle's lantern.

Who acts: movable spines, mouth, five teeth · What happens: cover, point, have, call · To what, where: Sea urchins, five teeth, lantern · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (movable spines, mouth, five teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 urchins	compound
2	urchins	urchin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 covered	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	aux:pass
4	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 spines	case
6	movable	movable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 spines	amod
7	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 covered	obl
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 point	nsubj
9	point	point	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 spines	acl:relcl
10	towards	towards	ADP	_	12 threat	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 threat	det
12	threat	threat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 point	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 has	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 has	cc
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 mouth	nmod:poss
16	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 has	nsubj
17	underneath	underneath	ADV	_	18 has	advmod
18	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	conj
19	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	20 teeth	nummod
20	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 has	obj
21	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 teeth	acl
22	Aristotle	Aristotle	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 lantern	nmod:poss
23	's	's	PART	_	22 Aristotle	case
24	lantern	lantern	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 called	xcomp
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 covered	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cover	present · passive		Sea urchins	with movable spines	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with spine=Theme
2	point	present	movable spines		towards a threat	vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent towards threat=Recipient
3	have	present	urchins's mouth	five teeth	underneath property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
4	call	participle	five teeth not said here	Aristotle's lantern		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/11/