Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 5

Skunks spray a very smelly oily liquid from glands under the tail at an attacker's face, but first warn by stamping, hissing and raising the tail, and spotted skunks even do a handstand; the smell can carry over a kilometre, and tomato juice does not really wash it off.

Who acts: Skunks, spotted skunks, smell, tomato juice · What happens: spray, warn, stamp, hiss, raise, spot · To what, where: smelly oily liquid, glands, tail, handstand, kilometre, smell

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Skunks, spotted skunks, smell, tomato juice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Skunks	skunk	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spray	nsubj
2	spray	spray	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 liquid	det
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 smelly	advmod
5	smelly	smelly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 liquid	amod
6	oily	oily	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 liquid	amod
7	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spray	obj
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 glands	case
9	glands	gland	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 liquid	nmod
10	under	under	ADP	_	12 tail	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 tail	det
12	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 glands	nmod
13	at	at	ADP	_	17 face	case
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 attacker	det
15	attacker	attacker	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 face	nmod:poss
16	's	's	PART	_	15 attacker	case
17	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spray	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 warn	punct
19	but	but	CCONJ	_	21 warn	cc
20	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	21 warn	advmod
21	warn	warn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 spray	conj
22	by	by	SCONJ	_	23 stamping	mark
23	stamping	stamp	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	21 warn	advcl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 hissing	punct
25	hissing	hiss	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 stamping	conj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 raising	cc
27	raising	raise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 stamping	conj
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 tail	det
29	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 raising	obj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 do	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 do	cc
32	spotted	spot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	33 skunks	amod
33	skunks	skunk	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 do	nsubj
34	even	even	ADV	_	35 do	advmod
35	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 spray	conj
36	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 handstand	det
37	handstand	handstand	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 do	obj
38	;	;	PUNCT	_	42 carry	punct
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 smell	det
40	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 carry	nsubj
41	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	42 carry	aux
42	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 warn	conj
43	over	over	ADP	_	45 kilometre	case
44	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	45 kilometre	det
45	kilometre	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 carry	obl
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 wash	punct
47	and	and	CCONJ	_	53 wash	cc
48	tomato	tomato	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 juice	compound
49	juice	juice	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 wash	nsubj
50	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	53 wash	aux
51	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	53 wash	advmod
52	really	really	ADV	_	53 wash	advmod
53	wash	wash	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	42 carry	conj
54	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	53 wash	obj
55	off	off	ADP	_	53 wash	compound:prt
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spray	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	spray	present	Skunks	a smelly oily liquid	glands under the tail	at a attacker's face	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination-Conative»: agent=Agent liquid=Theme at face=Destination
2	warn speech: warn	infinitive	Skunks not said here			first property	vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent
3	stamp	gerund	Skunks not said here				vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	hiss	gerund	Skunks not said here				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	raise	gerund	Skunks not said here	the tail			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Theme
6	spot	participle					vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
7	do	present	spotted skunks	a handstand			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handstand=Eventuality
8	carry	can	the smell		a kilometre		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
9	not wash off	present · do-support	tomato juice	smell			vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/5/