Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 7

A hedgehog has about 5,000 to 7,000 spines, which are hollow hairs without barbs, and strong muscles to curl up tight, but badgers are strong enough to unroll one.

Who acts: hedgehog, 5,000 spines, badgers · What happens: have, be, curl up, unroll · To what, where: 5,000 spines, hollow hairs, one

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hedgehog, 5,000 spines, badgers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hedgehog	det
2	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	about	about	ADV	_	5 5,000	advmod
5	5,000	5000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 spines	nummod
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 7,000	case
7	7,000	7000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 5,000	nmod
8	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 has	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 hairs	punct
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 hairs	nsubj
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 hairs	cop
12	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 hairs	amod
13	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 spines	acl:relcl
14	without	without	ADP	_	15 barbs	case
15	barbs	barb	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 hairs	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 muscles	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 muscles	cc
18	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 muscles	amod
19	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 spines	conj
20	to	to	PART	_	21 curl	mark
21	curl	curl	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 muscles	acl
22	up	up	ADP	_	21 curl	compound:prt
23	tight	tight	ADV	_	21 curl	advmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 strong	punct
25	but	but	CCONJ	_	28 strong	cc
26	badgers	badger	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 strong	nsubj
27	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 strong	cop
28	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 has	conj
29	enough	enough	ADV	_	28 strong	advmod
30	to	to	PART	_	31 unroll	mark
31	unroll	unroll	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 strong	advcl
32	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	31 unroll	obj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	a hedgehog	5,000 spines and strong muscles		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spine=Patient
2	is a	present	5,000 spines and strong muscles	hollow hairs	without barbs	tree rules
3	curl up	to-infinitive	a hedgehog not said here		tight property	vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme
4	is	present	badgers		enough, strong property	tree rules
5	unroll	to-infinitive	badgers not said here	one		vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent one=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/7/