Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 8

Armadillo armour is made of bone plates covered with tough skin; only the three-banded armadillo can roll into a full ball, and the nine-banded armadillo almost always has four identical babies.

Who acts: banded armadillo · What happens: make, cover, band, roll, have · To what, where: Armadillo armour, bone plates, full ball, nine, four identical babies

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (banded armadillo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Armadillo	Armadillo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 armour	compound
2	armour	armour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 plates	case
6	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 plates	compound
7	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	obl
8	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 plates	acl
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 skin	case
10	tough	tough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 skin	amod
11	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 covered	obl
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 roll	punct
13	only	only	ADV	_	18 armadillo	advmod
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 armadillo	det
15	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 banded	compound
16	-	-	PUNCT	_	15 three	punct
17	banded	band	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 armadillo	amod
18	armadillo	armadillo	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 roll	nsubj
19	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 roll	aux
20	roll	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 made	parataxis
21	into	into	ADP	_	24 ball	case
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 ball	det
23	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 ball	amod
24	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 roll	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 has	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 has	cc
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 armadillo	det
28	nine	nine	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	30 banded	nsubj:pass
29	-	-	PUNCT	_	28 nine	punct
30	banded	band	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	31 armadillo	amod
31	armadillo	armadillo	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 has	nsubj
32	almost	almost	ADV	_	33 always	advmod
33	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	34 has	advmod
34	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 roll	conj
35	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	37 babies	nummod
36	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 babies	amod
37	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 has	obj
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 made	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Armadillo armour		of bone plates	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	cover	participle		bone plates not said here		with tough skin	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with skin=Theme
3	band	participle					vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
4	roll	can	the banded armadillo		a full ball		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination
5	band	participle · passive		nine			vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient
6	have	present	the banded armadillo	four identical babies		always property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/8/