Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails, ink, and do ostriches bury their heads?, sentence 12

Stick insects look like twigs and sway like them in the wind, so birds hunting by sight miss them; the longest insect known is a stick insect from China, over 60 centimetres with its legs stretched out.

Who acts: Stick insects, birds, longest insect · What happens: look, sway, hunt, miss, know, be · To what, where: wind, insects, longest insect, stick insect, China, legs

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails, ink, and do ostriches bury their heads?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stick insects, birds, longest insect), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stick	stick	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 insects	compound
2	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 look	nsubj
3	look	look	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	like	like	ADP	_	5 twigs	case
5	twigs	twig	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 look	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 sway	cc
7	sway	sway	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 look	conj
8	like	like	ADP	_	9 them	case
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 sway	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 wind	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 wind	det
12	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sway	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 birds	punct
14	so	so	ADV	_	19 miss	advmod
15	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 miss	nsubj
16	hunting	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 birds	acl
17	by	by	ADP	_	18 sight	case
18	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 hunting	obl
19	miss	miss	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 look	parataxis
20	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 miss	obj
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 insect	punct
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 insect	det
23	longest	long	ADJ	Degree=Sup	24 insect	amod
24	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 insect	nsubj
25	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 insect	acl
26	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 insect	cop
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 insect	det
28	stick	stick	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 insect	compound
29	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 look	parataxis
30	from	from	ADP	_	31 China	case
31	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 insect	nmod
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 centimetres	punct
33	over	over	ADV	_	34 60	advmod
34	60	60	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	35 centimetres	nummod
35	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 insect	nmod:unmarked
36	with	with	SCONJ	_	39 stretched	mark
37	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	38 legs	nmod:poss
38	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 stretched	nsubj:pass
39	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	29 insect	advcl
40	out	out	ADP	_	39 stretched	compound:prt
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 look	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	look	infinitive	Stick insects			like twigs	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	sway	infinitive	Stick insects not said here		the wind	like insects = insect	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location
3	hunt	gerund	birds not said here			by sight	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent by sight=Location
4	miss	present	birds	insects = insect			vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus
5	know	participle		the longest insect not said here			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
6	is a	present	the longest insect	a stick insect	China	60 centimetres nmod:unmarked	tree rules
7	stretch out	participle · passive		bird's legs			vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:249-defences-tricks-and-myths-playing-dead-dropping-tails-ink-and-ostriches.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/249-defences-tricks-and-myths-playing-dead-dropping-tails-ink-and-ostriches/12/