Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails, ink, and do ostriches bury their heads?, sentence 8
Squids and octopuses squirt ink to hide or to make a blob shaped like a fake squid, the ink can dull a predator's senses of smell and taste, and people use squid and cuttlefish ink for writing and in black pasta.
Who acts: Squids, ink, people, predator · What happens: squirt, hide, make, shape, dull, use · To what, where: ink, blob, senses, squid ink, smell
This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails, ink, and do ostriches bury their heads?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Squids, ink, people, predator), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Squids | squid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 squirt | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 octopuses | cc |
| 3 | octopuses | octopus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Squids | conj |
| 4 | squirt | squirt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | ink | ink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 squirt | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 hide | mark |
| 7 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 squirt | advcl |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 make | cc |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 make | mark |
| 10 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 hide | conj |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 blob | det |
| 12 | blob | blob | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 make | obj |
| 13 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 blob | acl |
| 14 | like | like | ADP | _ | 17 squid | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 squid | det |
| 16 | fake | fake | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 squid | amod |
| 17 | squid | squid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shaped | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dull | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 ink | det |
| 20 | ink | ink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dull | nsubj |
| 21 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 dull | aux |
| 22 | dull | dull | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 make | conj |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 predator | det |
| 24 | predator | predator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 senses | nmod:poss |
| 25 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 24 predator | case |
| 26 | senses | sense | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 dull | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 smell | case |
| 28 | smell | smell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 senses | nmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 taste | cc |
| 30 | taste | taste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 smell | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 use | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 use | cc |
| 33 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 use | nsubj |
| 34 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 squirt | conj |
| 35 | squid | squid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 ink | compound |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 cuttlefish | cc |
| 37 | cuttlefish | cuttlefish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 squid | conj |
| 38 | ink | ink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 use | obj |
| 39 | for | for | ADP | _ | 40 writing | case |
| 40 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 use | obl |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 pasta | cc |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 pasta | case |
| 43 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 pasta | amod |
| 44 | pasta | pasta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 writing | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 squirt | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | squirt | present | Squids and octopuses | ink | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ink=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hide | to-infinitive | Squids and octopuses not said here | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | make | to-infinitive | Squids and octopuses not said here | a blob | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset blob=Product | ||||
| 4 | shape | participle | a blob not said here | like a fake squid | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 5 | dull | can | the ink | a predator's senses of smell and taste | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sense=Patient | ||||
| 6 | use | present | people | squid ink | for writing and black pasta | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent ink=Theme for writing=Eventuality | |||
| 7 | sense | a predator | smell and taste | nom sense «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:249-defences-tricks-and-myths-playing-dead-dropping-tails-ink-and-ostriches.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/249-defences-tricks-and-myths-playing-dead-dropping-tails-ink-and-ostriches/8/