Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails, ink, and do ostriches bury their heads?, sentence 9
A pufferfish swallows water to blow up to several times its size, which makes it hard to swallow, but this is tiring and stressful, so it does not do it for fun.
Who acts: pufferfish, size, this · What happens: swallow, blow up, make, be, not do · To what, where: water, pufferfish
This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails, ink, and do ostriches bury their heads?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pufferfish, size, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 pufferfish | det |
| 2 | pufferfish | pufferfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 swallows | nsubj |
| 3 | swallows | swallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 swallows | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 blow | mark |
| 6 | blow | blow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 swallows | advcl |
| 7 | up | up | ADP | _ | 6 blow | compound:prt |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 times | case |
| 9 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 times | amod |
| 10 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 blow | obl |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 size | nmod:poss |
| 12 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 times | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 makes | punct |
| 14 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 makes | nsubj |
| 15 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 size | acl:relcl |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 makes | obj |
| 17 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 makes | xcomp |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 swallow | mark |
| 19 | swallow | swallow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 hard | xcomp |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 tiring | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 tiring | cc |
| 22 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 tiring | nsubj |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 tiring | cop |
| 24 | tiring | tire | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 swallows | conj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 stressful | cc |
| 26 | stressful | stressful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 tiring | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 do | punct |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 do | advmod |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 do | nsubj |
| 30 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 do | aux |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 do | advmod |
| 32 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 tiring | conj |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 do | obj |
| 34 | for | for | ADP | _ | 35 fun | case |
| 35 | fun | fun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 do | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 swallows | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swallow | present | a pufferfish | water | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient | ||||
| 2 | blow up | to-infinitive | a pufferfish not said here | time | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | make | present | pufferfish's size | pufferfish | hard property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | |||
| 4 | swallow | to-infinitive | pufferfish not said here | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | present | this | tire property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | be | this not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | not do | present · do-support | pufferfish | water | for fun | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:249-defences-tricks-and-myths-playing-dead-dropping-tails-ink-and-ostriches.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/249-defences-tricks-and-myths-playing-dead-dropping-tails-ink-and-ostriches/9/