The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad, sentence 16
Bacteria and fungi are decomposers: in compost and in soil they break down peelings, dead leaves and dead animals, give off heat as they work, and return nutrients to the soil; a big heap can reach about 60 degrees in the middle.
Who acts: Bacteria, big heap · What happens: be, break down, give off, work, return, reach · To what, where: decomposers, peelings, compost, heat, nutrients, soil
This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bacteria, big heap), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bacteria | Bacteria | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 decomposers | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 fungi | cc |
| 3 | fungi | fungi | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Bacteria | conj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 decomposers | cop |
| 5 | decomposers | decomposer | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 decomposers | punct |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 compost | case |
| 8 | compost | compost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 break | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 soil | cc |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 soil | case |
| 11 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 compost | conj |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 break | nsubj |
| 13 | break | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 decomposers | parataxis |
| 14 | down | down | ADP | _ | 13 break | compound:prt |
| 15 | peelings | peeling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 break | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 leaves | punct |
| 17 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 leaves | amod |
| 18 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 peelings | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 animals | cc |
| 20 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 animals | amod |
| 21 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 peelings | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 give | punct |
| 23 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 break | conj |
| 24 | off | off | ADP | _ | 23 give | compound:prt |
| 25 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 give | obj |
| 26 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 28 work | mark |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 work | nsubj |
| 28 | work | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 give | advcl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 return | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 return | cc |
| 31 | return | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 break | conj |
| 32 | nutrients | nutrient | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 return | obj |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 soil | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 soil | det |
| 35 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 return | obl |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 reach | punct |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 heap | det |
| 38 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 heap | amod |
| 39 | heap | heap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 reach | nsubj |
| 40 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 reach | aux |
| 41 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 return | conj |
| 42 | about | about | ADV | _ | 43 60 | advmod |
| 43 | 60 | 60 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 44 degrees | nummod |
| 44 | degrees | degree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 reach | obj |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 middle | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 middle | det |
| 47 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 reach | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 decomposers | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Bacteria and fungi | decomposers | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | break down | present | bacteria | peelings and dead leaves and dead animals | compost and soil | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent peeling=Patient | |||
| 3 | give off | present | bacteria not said here | heat | vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source heat=Theme | ||||
| 4 | work | present | bacteria | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | return | present | bacteria not said here | nutrients | the soil | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent nutrient=Theme to soil=Destination | |||
| 6 | reach | can | a big heap | 60 degrees | the middle | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent degree=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/16/