The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad, sentence 17
Billions of years ago, cyanobacteria made the first oxygen in the air by photosynthesis, and the rocks they built, called stromatolites, still grow in Shark Bay, Australia.
Who acts: cyanobacteria, rocks · What happens: make, build, call, grow · To what, where: first oxygen, air, rocks, stromatolites, Shark Bay · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cyanobacteria, rocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Billions | billion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 years | case |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Billions | nmod |
| 4 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 7 made | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 ago | punct |
| 6 | cyanobacteria | cyanobacteria | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 made | nsubj |
| 7 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 oxygen | det |
| 9 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 10 oxygen | amod |
| 10 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 air | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 air | det |
| 13 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | obl |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 photosynthesis | case |
| 15 | photosynthesis | photosynthesis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 grow | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 grow | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 rocks | det |
| 19 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 grow | nsubj |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 built | nsubj |
| 21 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 rocks | acl:relcl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 stromatolites | punct |
| 23 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 stromatolites | acl |
| 24 | stromatolites | stromatolite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 rocks | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 rocks | punct |
| 26 | still | still | ADV | _ | 27 grow | advmod |
| 27 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 made | conj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 Bay | case |
| 29 | Shark | Shark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Bay | compound |
| 30 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 grow | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 Bay | punct |
| 32 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Bay | appos |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 made | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | cyanobacteria | the first oxygen | the air | by photosynthesis; ago property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset oxygen=Product | ||
| 2 | build | past | rocks = rock | the rocks and stromatolites not said here | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rock=Product | ||||
| 3 | call | participle | stromatolites not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | grow | present | the rocks and stromatolites | Shark Bay | still | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in bay=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/17/