The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad, sentence 4

Bacteria multiply by splitting in two, as often as every 20 minutes, which is why milk left out on a warm day goes sour so fast and why food lasts longer in the cold fridge.

Who acts: Bacteria, 20 minutes, food · What happens: multiply, split, be, go, last · To what, where: two, cold fridge

This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bacteria, 20 minutes, food), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 multiply	nsubj
2	multiply	multiply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	SCONJ	_	4 splitting	mark
4	splitting	split	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 multiply	advcl
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 two	case
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 splitting	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 minutes	punct
8	as	as	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	13 minutes	cc
9	often	often	ADV	_	8 as	fixed
10	as	as	ADP	_	8 as	fixed
11	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	13 minutes	det
12	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 minutes	nummod
13	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 splitting	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 left	punct
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 left	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 left	cop
17	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	19 left	advmod
18	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 left	nsubj
19	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 minutes	parataxis
20	out	out	ADP	_	19 left	compound:prt
21	on	on	SCONJ	_	25 goes	mark
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 day	det
23	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 day	amod
24	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 left	obl
25	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 left	conj
26	sour	sour	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 goes	xcomp
27	so	so	ADV	_	28 fast	advmod
28	fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 goes	xcomp
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 why	cc
30	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	32 lasts	advmod
31	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 lasts	nsubj
32	lasts	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 goes	conj
33	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	32 lasts	advmod
34	in	in	ADP	_	37 fridge	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 fridge	det
36	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 fridge	amod
37	fridge	fridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 lasts	obl
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 multiply	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	multiply	present	Bacteria				vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	split	gerund	Bacteria not said here	two	minute		vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	is	present	every 20 minutes		day	leave property	tree rules
4	go	present	every 20 minutes not said here			fast, sour property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	last	present	food	the cold fridge		long property	vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/4/