The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad, sentence 5
Yoghurt is made by bacteria that turn milk sugar into acid, which thickens the milk and makes it sour; bacteria also help make cheese, pickles, sauerkraut and sourdough bread.
Who acts: bacteria, acid · What happens: make, turn, thicken, help · To what, where: Yoghurt, milk sugar, acid, milk, cheese
This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bacteria, acid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yoghurt | yoghurt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | aux:pass |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 bacteria | case |
| 5 | bacteria | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 made | obl |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 turn | nsubj |
| 7 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 bacteria | acl:relcl |
| 8 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 sugar | compound |
| 9 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 turn | obj |
| 10 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 acid | case |
| 11 | acid | acid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 turn | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 thickens | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 thickens | nsubj |
| 14 | thickens | thicken | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 acid | acl:relcl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 milk | det |
| 16 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 thickens | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 makes | cc |
| 18 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 thickens | conj |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 makes | obj |
| 20 | sour | sour | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 makes | xcomp |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
| 22 | bacteria | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 help | nsubj |
| 23 | also | also | ADV | _ | 24 help | advmod |
| 24 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis |
| 25 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 help | xcomp |
| 26 | cheese | cheese | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 make | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 pickles | punct |
| 28 | pickles | pickle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 cheese | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 sauerkraut | punct |
| 30 | sauerkraut | sauerkraut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 pickles | conj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 bread | cc |
| 32 | sourdough | sourdough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 bread | compound |
| 33 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 sauerkraut | conj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | bacteria | Yoghurt | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product | ||||
| 2 | turn | present | bacteria | milk sugar | acid | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent sugar=Theme into acid=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | thicken | present | acid | the milk | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent milk=Patient | ||||
| 4 | make | present | acid not said here | milk | sour property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | |||
| 5 | help | present | bacteria | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | make | infinitive | bacteria not said here | cheese and pickles and sauerkraut and sourdough bread | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cheese=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/5/