The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad, sentence 7
Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics if the medicines are overused, which is why doctors do not give them for colds.
Who acts: Bacteria, doctors · What happens: become, overuse, be, not give · To what, where: medicines
This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bacteria, doctors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bacteria | bacteria | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 become | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 become | aux |
| 3 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | resistant | resistant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 become | xcomp |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 antibiotics | case |
| 6 | antibiotics | antibiotic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 resistant | obl |
| 7 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 11 overused | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 medicines | det |
| 9 | medicines | medicine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 overused | nsubj |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 overused | aux:pass |
| 11 | overused | overuse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 become | advcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 why | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 why | nsubj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 why | cop |
| 15 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 overused | acl:relcl |
| 16 | doctors | doctor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 give | nsubj |
| 17 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 give | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 give | advmod |
| 19 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 why | advcl:relcl |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 give | iobj |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 colds | case |
| 22 | colds | cold | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 give | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 become | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | can | Bacteria | resistant property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | overuse a condition, not said to happen | present · passive | the medicines | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | is | present | why property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | not give | present · do-support | doctors | medicines = medicine | for colds | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent they=Theme for cold=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/7/