The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad, sentence 8

In 1928 Alexander Fleming noticed that a mould on a dish had killed the bacteria around it, which led to penicillin, a medicine that has saved many millions of lives.

Who acts: Alexander, mould, medicine · What happens: notice, kill, lead, save · To what, where: 1928, bacteria, dish, many millions · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alexander, mould, medicine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 1928	case
2	1928	1928	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 noticed	obl
3	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 noticed	nsubj
4	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Alexander	flat
5	noticed	notice	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	13 killed	mark
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 mould	det
8	mould	mould	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 killed	nsubj
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 dish	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 dish	det
11	dish	dish	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 mould	nmod
12	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 killed	aux
13	killed	kill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 noticed	ccomp
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 bacteria	det
15	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 killed	obj
16	around	around	ADP	_	17 it	case
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 bacteria	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 led	punct
19	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 led	nsubj
20	led	lead	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 killed	acl:relcl
21	to	to	ADP	_	22 penicillin	case
22	penicillin	penicillin	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 led	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 medicine	punct
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 medicine	det
25	medicine	medicine	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 penicillin	appos
26	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 saved	nsubj
27	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 saved	aux
28	saved	save	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	25 medicine	acl:relcl
29	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 millions	amod
30	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 saved	obj
31	of	of	ADP	_	32 lives	case
32	lives	life	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 millions	nmod
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 noticed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	notice	past	Alexander		1928		vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	kill	past · perfect	a mould on a dish	the bacteria	dish		vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Theme
3	lead	past				to penicillin	vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to penicillin=Patient
4	save	present · perfect	a medicine	many millions of lives			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/8/