The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 8

A vaccine shows the immune system a harmless piece or weak form of a germ, so the body learns to recognise it and fights it fast next time; when almost everyone in a place is vaccinated, the germ finds very few people to jump to and struggles to spread.

Who acts: vaccine, body, germ · What happens: show, learn, recognise, fight, vaccinate, find · To what, where: immune system, body, everyone, few people, germ

This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vaccine, body, germ), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 vaccine	det
2	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 system	det
5	immune	immune	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 system	compound
6	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 piece	det
8	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 piece	amod
9	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 form	cc
11	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 form	amod
12	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 piece	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 germ	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 germ	det
15	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 form	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 learns	punct
17	so	so	ADV	_	20 learns	advmod
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 body	det
19	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 learns	nsubj
20	learns	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 shows	conj
21	to	to	PART	_	22 recognise	mark
22	recognise	recognise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 learns	xcomp
23	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 recognise	obj
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 fights	cc
25	fights	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 shows	conj
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 fights	obj
27	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	25 fights	advmod
28	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 time	amod
29	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 fights	obl:unmarked
30	;	;	PUNCT	_	38 vaccinated	punct
31	when	when	SCONJ	_	38 vaccinated	mark
32	almost	almost	ADV	_	33 everyone	advmod
33	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	38 vaccinated	nsubj:pass
34	in	in	ADP	_	36 place	case
35	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 place	det
36	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 everyone	nmod
37	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 vaccinated	aux:pass
38	vaccinated	vaccinate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	42 finds	advcl
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 finds	punct
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 germ	det
41	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 finds	nsubj
42	finds	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 shows	conj
43	very	very	ADV	_	44 few	advmod
44	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	45 people	amod
45	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 finds	obj
46	to	to	PART	_	47 jump	mark
47	jump	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	45 people	acl
48	to	to	ADP	_	47 jump	obl
49	and	and	CCONJ	_	50 struggles	cc
50	struggles	struggle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	47 jump	conj
51	to	to	PART	_	52 spread	mark
52	spread	spread	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	50 struggles	xcomp
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a vaccine	the immune system			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent system=Recipient piece=Topic
2	learn	present	the body				vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	recognise	to-infinitive	the body not said here	body			vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
4	fight	present	a vaccine not said here	body	time	fast property	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Co-Agent
5	vaccinate	present · passive		everyone			tree rules
6	find	present	the germ	few people			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic
7	jump	to-infinitive	the germ not said here	few people not said here			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	struggle	present	the germ not said here				tree rules
9	spread	to-infinitive	the germ not said here				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
10	form			a germ			nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/8/