The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin, sentence 2

Muscles can only pull, never push, so they work in pairs: when you flex your arm, the biceps shortens and bulges to bend it, and the triceps on the back pulls to straighten it again.

Who acts: Muscles, you, biceps, triceps · What happens: pull, not push, work, flex, shorten, bulge · To what, where: arm

This is a sentence of the lesson «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muscles, you, biceps, triceps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pull	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 pull	aux
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 pull	advmod
4	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 push	punct
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 push	advmod
7	push	push	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 pull	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 work	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	11 work	advmod
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 work	nsubj
11	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 push	parataxis
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 pairs	case
13	pairs	pair	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 work	obl
14	:	:	PUNCT	_	17 flex	punct
15	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	17 flex	advmod
16	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 flex	nsubj
17	flex	flex	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 pull	advcl
18	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 arm	nmod:poss
19	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 flex	obj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 biceps	punct
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 biceps	det
22	biceps	biceps	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 shortens	nsubj
23	shortens	shorten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 flex	parataxis
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 bulges	cc
25	bulges	bulge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 shortens	conj
26	to	to	PART	_	27 bend	mark
27	bend	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 bulges	advcl
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 bend	obj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 pulls	punct
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 pulls	cc
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 triceps	det
32	triceps	triceps	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 pulls	nsubj
33	on	on	ADP	_	35 back	case
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 back	det
35	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 triceps	nmod
36	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 shortens	conj
37	to	to	PART	_	38 straighten	mark
38	straighten	straighten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	36 pulls	advcl
39	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 straighten	obj
40	again	again	ADV	_	38 straighten	advmod
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 pull	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	pull	can	Muscles				vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not push	infinitive	Muscles not said here				vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
3	work	present	Muscles = muscle			in pairs	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in pair=Theme
4	flex	present	you	your arm			vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent arm=Patient
5	shorten	present	the biceps				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
6	bulge	present	the biceps not said here				vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	bend	to-infinitive	the biceps not said here	arm			vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent it=Material
8	pull	present	the triceps on the back				vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	straighten	to-infinitive	the triceps on the back not said here	arm	again		vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/2/