Dolphins, porpoises and seals, sentence 2
Each bottlenose dolphin has its own signature whistle that works like a name, and friends call each other by copying it, a bit like shouting a mate's name across the playground.
Who acts: bottlenose dolphin, own signature whistle, friends, dolphin, mate · What happens: have, work, call, copy, shout, whistle · To what, where: own signature whistle, each, dolphin, bit, playground · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bottlenose dolphin, own signature whistle, friends, dolphin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 dolphin | det |
| 2 | bottlenose | bottlenose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dolphin | compound |
| 3 | dolphin | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 whistle | nmod:poss |
| 6 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 whistle | amod |
| 7 | signature | signature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 whistle | compound |
| 8 | whistle | whistle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | obj |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 works | nsubj |
| 10 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 whistle | acl:relcl |
| 11 | like | like | ADP | _ | 13 name | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 name | det |
| 13 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 works | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 call | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 call | cc |
| 16 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 call | nsubj |
| 17 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | conj |
| 18 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 17 call | obj |
| 19 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 each | fixed |
| 20 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 21 copying | mark |
| 21 | copying | copy | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 call | advcl |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 copying | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 shouting | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 bit | det |
| 25 | bit | bit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 shouting | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 27 shouting | mark |
| 27 | shouting | shout | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 has | conj |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 mate | det |
| 29 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 name | nmod:poss |
| 30 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 29 mate | case |
| 31 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 shouting | obj |
| 32 | across | across | ADP | _ | 34 playground | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 playground | det |
| 34 | playground | playground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 shouting | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | each bottlenose dolphin | dolphin's own signature whistle | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whistle=Patient | ||||
| 2 | work | present | dolphin's own signature whistle | like a name | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | call | present | friends | each | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent each=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | copy | gerund | friends not said here | dolphin | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 5 | shout speech: express | gerund | each bottlenose dolphin not said here | a bit | the playground | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Topic | |||
| 6 | whistle | dolphin | nom whistle «event intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 7 | name | a mate | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/2/