Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish, sentence 9
No bat is blind; fruit bats see well, and many small bats also find insects in the dark by listening to the echoes of their own calls, which is called echolocation.
Who acts: bat, fruit bats, many small bats, lemmings · What happens: be, see, find, listen, call · To what, where: insects, dark, own calls · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bat, fruit bats, many small bats, lemmings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 2 bat | det |
| 2 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 blind | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 blind | cop |
| 4 | blind | blind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 see | punct |
| 6 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bats | compound |
| 7 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 see | nsubj |
| 8 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 blind | parataxis |
| 9 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 see | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 find | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 insects | cc |
| 12 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 bats | amod |
| 13 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 bats | amod |
| 14 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 find | nsubj |
| 15 | also | also | ADV | _ | 16 find | advmod |
| 16 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 blind | conj |
| 17 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 find | obj |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 dark | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 dark | det |
| 20 | dark | dark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 find | obl |
| 21 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 22 listening | mark |
| 22 | listening | listen | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 find | advcl |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 echoes | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 echoes | det |
| 25 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 listening | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 calls | case |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 calls | nmod:poss |
| 28 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 calls | amod |
| 29 | calls | call | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 echoes | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 called | punct |
| 31 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 called | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 called | aux:pass |
| 33 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 calls | acl:relcl |
| 34 | echolocation | echolocation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 called | xcomp |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 blind | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | no bat | blind property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see | present | fruit bats | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | find | present | many small bats | insects | the dark | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Topic | |||
| 4 | listen | gerund | many small bats not said here | to the echoes of lemmings's own calls | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme | ||||
| 5 | call | present · passive | lemmings's own calls | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 6 | call | lemmings = lemming | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/9/