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Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish, sentence 9

No bat is blind; fruit bats see well, and many small bats also find insects in the dark by listening to the echoes of their own calls, which is called echolocation.

Who acts: bat, fruit bats, many small bats, lemmings · What happens: be, see, find, listen, call · To what, where: insects, dark, own calls · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bat, fruit bats, many small bats, lemmings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

detnsubjcoppunctcompoundnsubjparataxisadvmodpunctccamodamodnsubjadvmodconjobjcasedetoblmarkadvclcasedetoblcasenmod:possamodnmodpunctnsubj:passaux:passacl:relclxcomppunctrootNoDETbatNOUNisAUXblindADJ;PUNCTfruitNOUNbatsNOUNseeVERBwellADV,PUNCTandCCONJmanyADJsmallADJbatsNOUNalsoADVfindVERBinsectsNOUNinADPtheDETdarkNOUNbySCONJlisteningVERBtoADPtheDETechoesNOUNofADPtheirPRONownADJcallsNOUN,PUNCTwhichPRONisAUXcalledVERBecholocationNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1NonoDETPronType=Neg2 batdet
2batbatNOUNNumber=Sing4 blindnsubj
3isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 blindcop
4blindblindADJDegree=Posrootroot
5;;PUNCT_8 seepunct
6fruitfruitNOUNNumber=Sing7 batscompound
7batsbatNOUNNumber=Plur8 seensubj
8seeseeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 blindparataxis
9wellwellADVDegree=Pos8 seeadvmod
10,,PUNCT_16 findpunct
11andandCCONJ_17 insectscc
12manymanyADJDegree=Pos14 batsamod
13smallsmallADJDegree=Pos14 batsamod
14batsbatNOUNNumber=Plur16 findnsubj
15alsoalsoADV_16 findadvmod
16findfindVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 blindconj
17insectsinsectNOUNNumber=Plur16 findobj
18ininADP_20 darkcase
19thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 darkdet
20darkdarkNOUNNumber=Sing16 findobl
21bybySCONJ_22 listeningmark
22listeninglistenVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part16 findadvcl
23totoADP_25 echoescase
24thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art25 echoesdet
25echoesechoNOUNNumber=Plur22 listeningobl
26ofofADP_29 callscase
27theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs29 callsnmod:poss
28ownownADJDegree=Pos29 callsamod
29callscallNOUNNumber=Plur25 echoesnmod
30,,PUNCT_33 calledpunct
31whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel33 callednsubj:pass
32isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin33 calledaux:pass
33calledcallVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass29 callsacl:relcl
34echolocationecholocationNOUNNumber=Sing33 calledxcomp
35..PUNCT_4 blindpunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1ispresentno batblind propertytree rules
2seepresentfruit batswell propertyvn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3findpresentmany small batsinsectsthe darkvn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Topic
4listengerundmany small bats not said hereto the echoes of lemmings's own callsvn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme
5callpresent · passivelemmings's own callsvn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
6calllemmings = lemmingnom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/9/