Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog, sentence 14

Most frogs do not drink with their mouths; they soak water in through their skin, especially a thin patch on the belly, which is why dirty water hurts them so quickly.

Who acts: Most frogs, Frogs, dirty water · What happens: not drink, soak, be · To what, where: thin patch, water

This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most frogs, Frogs, dirty water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 frogs	amod
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 drink	nsubj
3	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 drink	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 drink	advmod
5	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 mouths	case
7	their	their	PRON	Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 mouths	nmod:poss
8	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 drink	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 drink	punct
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 soak	nsubj
11	soak	soak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 drink	parataxis
12	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 soak	obj
13	in	in	ADP	_	16 skin	case
14	through	through	ADP	_	16 skin	case
15	their	their	PRON	Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 skin	nmod:poss
16	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 soak	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 patch	punct
18	especially	especially	ADV	_	21 patch	advmod
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 patch	det
20	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 patch	amod
21	patch	patch	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 drink	obl
22	on	on	ADP	_	24 belly	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 belly	det
24	belly	belly	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 patch	nmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 hurts	punct
26	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 is	nsubj
27	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 hurts	cop
28	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	31 hurts	advmod
29	dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 water	amod
30	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 hurts	nsubj
31	hurts	hurt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 patch	acl:relcl
32	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 hurts	obj
33	so	so	ADV	_	34 quickly	advmod
34	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	31 hurts	advmod
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 drink	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not drink	present · do-support	Most frogs	a thin patch on the belly	with Frogs's mouths	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	soak	present	Frogs = frog	water	in Frogs's skin	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent water=Destination in skin=Theme
3	is	present	dirty water		hurt, quickly property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/14/