Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog, sentence 16
The male Darwin's frog of Chile and Argentina keeps tadpoles in his vocal sac until they hop out as froglets; the gastric-brooding frog of Australia raised its babies in its stomach, but it is now extinct.
Who acts: male frog, Frogs, brooding frog, stomach · What happens: keep, hop out, brooding, raise, be · To what, where: tadpoles, vocal sac, babies, stomach
This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (male frog, Frogs, brooding frog, stomach), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 frog | det |
| 2 | male | male | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 frog | amod |
| 3 | Darwin | Darwin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 frog | nmod:poss |
| 4 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 3 Darwin | case |
| 5 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 keeps | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Chile | case |
| 7 | Chile | Chile | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 frog | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 Argentina | cc |
| 9 | Argentina | Argentina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Chile | conj |
| 10 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | tadpoles | tadpole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 keeps | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 sac | case |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 sac | nmod:poss |
| 14 | vocal | vocal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 sac | amod |
| 15 | sac | sac | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 keeps | obl |
| 16 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 18 hop | mark |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 hop | nsubj |
| 18 | hop | hop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 keeps | advcl |
| 19 | out | out | ADP | _ | 18 hop | compound:prt |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 21 froglets | case |
| 21 | froglets | froglet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 hop | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 raised | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 frog | det |
| 24 | gastric | gastric | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 brooding | compound |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 gastric | punct |
| 26 | brooding | brooding | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 frog | amod |
| 27 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 raised | nsubj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 Australia | case |
| 29 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 frog | nmod |
| 30 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 keeps | conj |
| 31 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 babies | nmod:poss |
| 32 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 raised | obj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 stomach | case |
| 34 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 stomach | nmod:poss |
| 35 | stomach | stomach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 raised | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 extinct | punct |
| 37 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 41 extinct | cc |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 extinct | nsubj |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 extinct | cop |
| 40 | now | now | ADV | _ | 41 extinct | advmod |
| 41 | extinct | extinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 raised | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 keeps | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | Darwin's male frog of Chile and Argentina | tadpoles | Argentina's vocal sac | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tadpole=Theme in sac=Location | |||
| 2 | hop out | present | Frogs = frog | as froglets | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | brooding | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | raise | past | the brooding frog of Australia | sac's babies | sac's stomach | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent baby=Theme in stomach=Destination | |||
| 5 | is | present | stomach | now | extinct property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/16/