Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad, sentence 13

In spring toads walk back to the pond where they hatched, sometimes crossing roads; volunteers carry them across in buckets on mild wet nights, and some roads have small toad tunnels.

Who acts: toads, volunteers, roads · What happens: walk back, hatch, cross, carry, have · To what, where: roads, toads, buckets, small toad tunnels

This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (toads, volunteers, roads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 spring	case
2	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 walk	obl
3	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 walk	nsubj
4	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	back	back	ADV	_	4 walk	advmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 pond	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 pond	det
8	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 walk	obl
9	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	11 hatched	advmod
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 hatched	nsubj
11	hatched	hatch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 pond	acl:relcl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 crossing	punct
13	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	14 crossing	advmod
14	crossing	cross	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 hatched	advcl
15	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 crossing	obj
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 carry	punct
17	volunteers	volunteer	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 carry	nsubj
18	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 walk	conj
19	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 carry	obj
20	across	across	ADP	_	22 buckets	case
21	in	in	ADP	_	22 buckets	case
22	buckets	bucket	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 carry	obl
23	on	on	ADP	_	26 nights	case
24	mild	mild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 nights	amod
25	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 nights	amod
26	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 buckets	nmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 have	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 have	cc
29	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	30 roads	det
30	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 have	nsubj
31	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 walk	conj
32	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 tunnels	amod
33	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 tunnels	compound
34	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 have	obj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 walk	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk back	present	toads			spring	to the pond result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to pond=Result
2	hatch	past	toads = toad					vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient
3	cross	gerund	toads = toad not said here	roads			sometimes property	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient
4	carry	present	volunteers	toads = toad	buckets on mild wet nights			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
5	have	present	some roads	small toad tunnels				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tunnel=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/13/