Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad, sentence 9

Male frogs and toads call to attract partners and tell rivals «this is my spot»; many puff up a vocal sac like a balloon to make the call louder, and natterjack toads are reported to be heard over a kilometre away, while common frogs purr quietly.

Who acts: Male frogs, this, many, common frogs · What happens: call, attract, tell, be, puff up, make · To what, where: partners, rivals, spot, vocal sac, call, natterjack toads · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male frogs, this, many, common frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 frogs	amod
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 call	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 toads	cc
4	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 frogs	conj
5	call	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 attract	mark
7	attract	attract	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 call	advcl
8	partners	partner	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 attract	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 tell	cc
10	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 attract	conj
11	rivals	rival	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 tell	obj
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 spot	punct
13	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 spot	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 spot	cop
15	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 spot	nmod:poss
16	spot	spot	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 tell	ccomp
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 spot	punct
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 puff	punct
19	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 puff	nsubj
20	puff	puff	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 attract	advcl
21	up	up	ADP	_	20 puff	compound:prt
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 sac	det
23	vocal	vocal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 sac	amod
24	sac	sac	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 puff	obj
25	like	like	ADP	_	27 balloon	case
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 balloon	det
27	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 puff	obl
28	to	to	PART	_	29 make	mark
29	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 puff	advcl
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 call	det
31	call	call	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 make	obj
32	louder	loud	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	29 make	xcomp
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 reported	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 reported	cc
35	natterjack	natterjack	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 toads	compound
36	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 reported	nsubj:pass
37	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 reported	aux:pass
38	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 puff	conj
39	to	to	PART	_	41 heard	mark
40	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	41 heard	aux:pass
41	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	38 reported	xcomp
42	over	over	ADP	_	44 kilometre	case
43	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 kilometre	det
44	kilometre	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 away	obl
45	away	away	ADV	_	41 heard	advmod
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	50 purr	punct
47	while	while	SCONJ	_	50 purr	mark
48	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 frogs	amod
49	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	50 purr	nsubj
50	purr	purr	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 reported	conj
51	quietly	quietly	ADV	_	50 purr	advmod
52	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 call	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	call	present	Male frogs and toads			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	attract	to-infinitive	Male frogs and toads not said here	partners		vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent partner=Patient
3	tell speech: assert	infinitive	Male frogs and toads not said here	rivals		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent rival=Recipient
4	is a in a quote	present	this	my spot		tree rules
5	puff up	present	many	a vocal sac	like a balloon	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sac=Source
6	make	to-infinitive	many not said here	the call	loud property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset call=Product
7	report	present · passive		natterjack toads		tree rules
8	hear	to-infinitive · passive			away property	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»
9	purr	present	common frogs		quietly property	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/9/