Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers, sentence 16
Tent-making bats bite along a big leaf so it folds down into a tent that keeps off rain and hides them; Honduran white bats sleep under leaves where green light makes their white fur look green.
Who acts: Tent making bats, leaf, tent, Honduran white bats, green light, white fur · What happens: make, bite, fold down, keep off, hide, sleep · To what, where: big leaf, tent, rain, Bats, leaves, white fur
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tent making bats, leaf, tent, Honduran white bats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tent | tent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bats | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Tent | punct |
| 3 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 bats | amod |
| 4 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 bite | nsubj |
| 5 | bite | bite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | along | along | ADP | _ | 9 leaf | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 leaf | det |
| 8 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 leaf | amod |
| 9 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 bite | obl |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 folds | advmod |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 folds | nsubj |
| 12 | folds | fold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 bite | advcl |
| 13 | down | down | ADP | _ | 12 folds | compound:prt |
| 14 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 tent | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 tent | det |
| 16 | tent | tent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 folds | obl |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 keeps | nsubj |
| 18 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 tent | acl:relcl |
| 19 | off | off | ADP | _ | 18 keeps | compound:prt |
| 20 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 keeps | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 hides | cc |
| 22 | hides | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 keeps | conj |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 hides | obj |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 sleep | punct |
| 25 | Honduran | Honduran | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 bats | amod |
| 26 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 bats | amod |
| 27 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 sleep | nsubj |
| 28 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 bite | conj |
| 29 | under | under | ADP | _ | 30 leaves | case |
| 30 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 sleep | obl |
| 31 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 34 makes | advmod |
| 32 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 light | amod |
| 33 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 makes | nsubj |
| 34 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 leaves | acl:relcl |
| 35 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 fur | nmod:poss |
| 36 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 fur | amod |
| 37 | fur | fur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 makes | obj |
| 38 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 makes | xcomp |
| 39 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 look | xcomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 bite | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | gerund | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||||
| 2 | bite | present | Tent making bats | a big leaf | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent along leaf=Location | ||||
| 3 | fold down | present | leaf | a tent | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into tent=Product | ||||
| 4 | keep off | present | a tent | rain | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme | ||||
| 5 | hide | present | a tent not said here | Bats = bat | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||||
| 6 | sleep | present | Honduran white bats | leaves | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | make | present | green light | Bats's white fur | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | look | infinitive | Bats's white fur not said here | green property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
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