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Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers, sentence 16

Tent-making bats bite along a big leaf so it folds down into a tent that keeps off rain and hides them; Honduran white bats sleep under leaves where green light makes their white fur look green.

Who acts: Tent making bats, leaf, tent, Honduran white bats, green light, white fur · What happens: make, bite, fold down, keep off, hide, sleep · To what, where: big leaf, tent, rain, Bats, leaves, white fur

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tent making bats, leaf, tent, Honduran white bats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

compoundpunctamodnsubjcasedetamodobladvmodnsubjadvclcompound:prtcasedetoblnsubjacl:relclcompound:prtobjccconjobjpunctamodamodnsubjconjcaseobladvmodamodnsubjacl:relclnmod:possamodobjxcompxcomppunctrootTentNOUN-PUNCTmakingVERBbatsNOUNbiteVERBalongADPaDETbigADJleafNOUNsoADVitPRONfoldsVERBdownADPintoADPaDETtentNOUNthatPRONkeepsVERBoffADPrainNOUNandCCONJhidesVERBthemPRON;PUNCTHonduranADJwhiteADJbatsNOUNsleepVERBunderADPleavesNOUNwhereADVgreenADJlightNOUNmakesVERBtheirPRONwhiteADJfurNOUNlookVERBgreenADJ.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1TenttentNOUNNumber=Sing4 batscompound
2--PUNCT_1 Tentpunct
3makingmakeVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part4 batsamod
4batsbatNOUNNumber=Plur5 bitensubj
5bitebiteVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
6alongalongADP_9 leafcase
7aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art9 leafdet
8bigbigADJDegree=Pos9 leafamod
9leafleafNOUNNumber=Sing5 biteobl
10sosoADV_12 foldsadvmod
11ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs12 foldsnsubj
12foldsfoldVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin5 biteadvcl
13downdownADP_12 foldscompound:prt
14intointoADP_16 tentcase
15aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art16 tentdet
16tenttentNOUNNumber=Sing12 foldsobl
17thatthatPRONPronType=Rel18 keepsnsubj
18keepskeepVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin16 tentacl:relcl
19offoffADP_18 keepscompound:prt
20rainrainNOUNNumber=Sing18 keepsobj
21andandCCONJ_22 hidescc
22hideshideVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin18 keepsconj
23themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs22 hidesobj
24;;PUNCT_28 sleeppunct
25HonduranHonduranADJDegree=Pos27 batsamod
26whitewhiteADJDegree=Pos27 batsamod
27batsbatNOUNNumber=Plur28 sleepnsubj
28sleepsleepVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin5 biteconj
29underunderADP_30 leavescase
30leavesleafNOUNNumber=Plur28 sleepobl
31wherewhereADVPronType=Rel34 makesadvmod
32greengreenADJDegree=Pos33 lightamod
33lightlightNOUNNumber=Sing34 makesnsubj
34makesmakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin30 leavesacl:relcl
35theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs37 furnmod:poss
36whitewhiteADJDegree=Pos37 furamod
37furfurNOUNNumber=Sing34 makesobj
38looklookVERBVerbForm=Inf34 makesxcomp
39greengreenADJDegree=Pos38 lookxcomp
40..PUNCT_5 bitepunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
changed polarity=none
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1makegerundvn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2bitepresentTent making batsa big leafvn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent along leaf=Location
3fold downpresentleafa tentvn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into tent=Product
4keep offpresenta tentrainvn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme
5hidepresenta tent not said hereBats = batvn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
6sleeppresentHonduran white batsleavesvn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7makepresentgreen lightBats's white furtree rules
8lookinfinitiveBats's white fur not said heregreen propertyvn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/16/