Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers, sentence 8

Flying foxes roost together by day in noisy camps of thousands, where many eyes watch for danger; in heatwaves many can die, and trained volunteers try to help them.

Who acts: Flying foxes, many eyes, many, trained volunteers · What happens: fly, roost, watch, die, train, try · To what, where: noisy camps, foxes

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Flying foxes, many eyes, many, trained volunteers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 foxes	amod
2	foxes	fox	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 roost	nsubj
3	roost	roost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	together	together	ADV	_	3 roost	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 day	case
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 roost	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 camps	case
8	noisy	noisy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 camps	amod
9	camps	camp	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 roost	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 thousands	case
11	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 camps	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 watch	punct
13	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	16 watch	advmod
14	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 eyes	amod
15	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 watch	nsubj
16	watch	watch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 camps	acl:relcl
17	for	for	ADP	_	18 danger	case
18	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 watch	obl
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 heatwaves	punct
20	in	in	ADP	_	21 heatwaves	case
21	heatwaves	heatwave	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 die	obl
22	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 die	nsubj
23	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 die	aux
24	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 roost	parataxis
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 try	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 try	cc
27	trained	train	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	28 volunteers	amod
28	volunteers	volunteer	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 try	nsubj
29	try	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 roost	conj
30	to	to	PART	_	31 help	mark
31	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 try	xcomp
32	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 help	obj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 roost	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	gerund						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	roost	present	Flying foxes		noisy camps of thousands	day	together property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in camp=Location
3	watch	present	many eyes				for danger	vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for danger=Theme
4	die	can	many				in heatwaves	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in heatwave=Attribute
5	train	participle						vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
6	try	present	trained volunteers					vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
7	help not said to happen	to-infinitive	trained volunteers not said here	foxes = fox				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×5, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/8/