Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up, sentence 15

British bats hibernate in winter when insects disappear, slowing their hearts and cooling down; waking them uses up the fat they need to last until spring.

Who acts: British bats, insects, waking, fat · What happens: hibernate, disappear, slow, cool down, wake, use up · To what, where: hearts, fat

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (British bats, insects, waking, fat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bats	amod
2	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hibernate	nsubj
3	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 winter	case
5	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hibernate	obl
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 disappear	advmod
7	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 disappear	nsubj
8	disappear	disappear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hibernate	advcl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 slowing	punct
10	slowing	slow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 hibernate	advcl
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 hearts	nmod:poss
12	hearts	heart	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 slowing	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 cooling	cc
14	cooling	cool	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 slowing	conj
15	down	down	ADP	_	14 cooling	compound:prt
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 waking	punct
17	waking	wake	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 uses	csubj
18	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 waking	obj
19	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hibernate	parataxis
20	up	up	ADP	_	19 uses	compound:prt
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 fat	det
22	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 uses	obj
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 need	nsubj
24	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 fat	acl:relcl
25	to	to	PART	_	26 last	mark
26	last	last	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 need	xcomp
27	until	until	ADP	_	28 spring	case
28	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 last	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hibernate	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	hibernate	present	British bats		winter	vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location
2	disappear	present	insects			vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	slow	gerund	British bats not said here	insects's hearts		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient
4	cool down	gerund	British bats not said here			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	wake	gerund		hearts = heart		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient
6	use up	present	waking	the fat		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fat=Patient
7	need	present	insects = insect	the fat not said here		tree rules
8	last not said to happen	to-infinitive	the fat not said here		spring	vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/15/