Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up, sentence 17
The greater horseshoe bat has a nose leaf shaped like a horseshoe that beams out its calls; some bats call through their noses and others through open mouths.
Who acts: greater horseshoe bat, horseshoe, bats, bat · What happens: have, shape, beam out, call · To what, where: nose leaf, calls, noses · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (greater horseshoe bat, horseshoe, bats, bat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 bat | det |
| 2 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 bat | amod |
| 3 | horseshoe | horseshoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bat | compound |
| 4 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 has | nsubj |
| 5 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 leaf | det |
| 7 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 leaf | compound |
| 8 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 has | obj |
| 9 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 leaf | acl |
| 10 | like | like | ADP | _ | 12 horseshoe | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 horseshoe | det |
| 12 | horseshoe | horseshoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 shaped | obl |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 beams | nsubj |
| 14 | beams | beam | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 horseshoe | acl:relcl |
| 15 | out | out | ADP | _ | 14 beams | compound:prt |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 calls | nmod:poss |
| 17 | calls | call | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 beams | obj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 call | punct |
| 19 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 20 bats | det |
| 20 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 call | nsubj |
| 21 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 has | parataxis |
| 22 | through | through | ADP | _ | 24 noses | case |
| 23 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 noses | nmod:poss |
| 24 | noses | nose | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 call | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 others | cc |
| 26 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 noses | conj |
| 27 | through | through | ADP | _ | 29 mouths | case |
| 28 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 mouths | amod |
| 29 | mouths | mouth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 others | nmod |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the greater horseshoe bat | a nose leaf | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | ||||
| 2 | shape | participle | a nose leaf not said here | like a horseshoe | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 3 | beam out | present | a horseshoe | bat's calls | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent call=Theme | ||||
| 4 | call | present | some bats | calls's noses and others through open mouths | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | call | bat | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/17/