Deer: antlers that fall off and grow again; red deer, roe deer, moose, muntjac and water deer, sentence 7

Deer antlers fall off every year and grow back; they are bone and can grow over 2 centimetres a day in big deer, and fallen antlers are often gnawed by mice and squirrels for their minerals.

Who acts: Deer antlers, antlers, mice · What happens: fall off, grow back, be, grow, fall, gnaw · To what, where: bone, 2 centimetres, big deer, fallen antlers

This is a sentence of the lesson «Deer: antlers that fall off and grow again; red deer, roe deer, moose, muntjac and water deer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Deer antlers, antlers, mice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 antlers	compound
2	antlers	antler	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fall	nsubj
3	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	off	off	ADP	_	3 fall	compound:prt
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 year	det
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fall	obl:unmarked
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 grow	cc
8	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fall	conj
9	back	back	ADV	_	8 grow	advmod
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 bone	punct
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 bone	nsubj
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 bone	cop
13	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fall	parataxis
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 grow	cc
15	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 grow	aux
16	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 bone	conj
17	over	over	ADV	_	18 2	advmod
18	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	19 centimetres	nummod
19	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 grow	obj
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 day	det
21	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 grow	obl:unmarked
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 deer	case
23	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 deer	amod
24	deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 grow	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 gnawed	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 gnawed	cc
27	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	28 antlers	amod
28	antlers	antler	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 gnawed	nsubj:pass
29	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 gnawed	aux:pass
30	often	often	ADV	_	31 gnawed	advmod
31	gnawed	gnaw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 grow	conj
32	by	by	ADP	_	33 mice	case
33	mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 gnawed	obl
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 squirrels	cc
35	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 mice	conj
36	for	for	ADP	_	38 minerals	case
37	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	38 minerals	nmod:poss
38	minerals	mineral	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 gnawed	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fall	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall off	present	Deer antlers			year		vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	grow back	present	Deer antlers not said here					vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is a	present	antlers = antler	bone				tree rules
4	grow	can	antlers = antler not said here	2 centimetres	big deer	day		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location centimetre=Theme
5	fall	participle						vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	gnaw	present · passive	mice and squirrels	fallen antlers			for antlers's minerals; often property	vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:318-deer-antlers-that-fall-off-and-grow-again-red-deer-roe-deer-moose-muntjac-and-water-deer.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/318-deer-antlers-that-fall-off-and-grow-again-red-deer-roe-deer-moose-muntjac-and-water-deer/7/