Deer: antlers that fall off and grow again; red deer, roe deer, moose, muntjac and water deer, sentence 8
Growing antlers are covered in velvet, a skin full of blood vessels; when the antlers are fully grown the velvet dries and the deer rubs it off on trees, and scientists study antlers to learn how bone can regrow fast.
Who acts: velvet, deer, scientists, bone · What happens: grow, cover, dry, rub off, study, learn · To what, where: Growing antlers, antlers, velvet, trees · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Deer: antlers that fall off and grow again; red deer, roe deer, moose, muntjac and water deer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (velvet, deer, scientists, bone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 antlers | amod |
| 2 | antlers | antler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 covered | aux:pass |
| 4 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 velvet | case |
| 6 | velvet | velvet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 covered | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 skin | punct |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 skin | det |
| 9 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 velvet | appos |
| 10 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 skin | amod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 vessels | case |
| 12 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 vessels | compound |
| 13 | vessels | vessel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 full | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 grown | punct |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 grown | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 antlers | det |
| 17 | antlers | antler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 grown | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 grown | aux:pass |
| 19 | fully | fully | ADV | _ | 20 grown | advmod |
| 20 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 dries | advcl |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 velvet | det |
| 22 | velvet | velvet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 dries | nsubj |
| 23 | dries | dry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 covered | conj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 rubs | cc |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 deer | det |
| 26 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 rubs | nsubj |
| 27 | rubs | rub | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 dries | conj |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 rubs | obj |
| 29 | off | off | ADP | _ | 27 rubs | compound:prt |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 trees | case |
| 31 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 rubs | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 study | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 study | cc |
| 34 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 study | nsubj |
| 35 | study | study | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 covered | conj |
| 36 | antlers | antler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 study | obj |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 learn | mark |
| 38 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 study | advcl |
| 39 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 42 regrow | advmod |
| 40 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 regrow | nsubj |
| 41 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 regrow | aux |
| 42 | regrow | regrow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 learn | ccomp |
| 43 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 42 regrow | advmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 covered | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | gerund | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | cover | present · passive | Growing antlers | in velvet | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in velvet=Theme | ||||
| 3 | grow | present · passive | the antlers | fully property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | dry | present | the velvet | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | rub off | present | the deer | velvet | trees | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme on tree=Destination | |||
| 6 | study | present | scientists | antlers | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antler=Topic | ||||
| 7 | learn | to-infinitive | scientists not said here | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 8 | regrow | can | bone | fast property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:318-deer-antlers-that-fall-off-and-grow-again-red-deer-roe-deer-moose-muntjac-and-water-deer.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/318-deer-antlers-that-fall-off-and-grow-again-red-deer-roe-deer-moose-muntjac-and-water-deer/8/