Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world, sentence 6
Brown bears live in North America, Europe and Asia; grizzlies and Kodiak bears are brown bears, a big Kodiak can weigh over 600 kilograms, and a hump of muscle on the shoulders helps them dig.
Who acts: Brown bears, grizzlies, big Kodiak, kilograms · What happens: live, be, weigh, help, dig · To what, where: North America, brown bears, 600 kilograms, kilograms
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Brown bears, grizzlies, big Kodiak, kilograms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brown | brown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 bears | amod |
| 2 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 live | nsubj |
| 3 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 America | case |
| 5 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 America | compound |
| 6 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 live | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Europe | punct |
| 8 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 America | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 Asia | cc |
| 10 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 America | conj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 grizzlies | punct |
| 12 | grizzlies | grizzly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 bears | nsubj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 bears | cc |
| 14 | Kodiak | kodiak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 bears | compound |
| 15 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 grizzlies | conj |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 bears | cop |
| 17 | brown | brown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 bears | amod |
| 18 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 live | parataxis |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 weigh | punct |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 Kodiak | det |
| 21 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 Kodiak | amod |
| 22 | Kodiak | kodiak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 weigh | nsubj |
| 23 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 weigh | aux |
| 24 | weigh | weigh | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 bears | parataxis |
| 25 | over | over | ADV | _ | 26 600 | advmod |
| 26 | 600 | 600 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 27 kilograms | nummod |
| 27 | kilograms | kilogram | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 weigh | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 hump | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 hump | cc |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 hump | det |
| 31 | hump | hump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 weigh | conj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 muscle | case |
| 33 | muscle | muscle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hump | nmod |
| 34 | on | on | ADP | _ | 36 shoulders | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 shoulders | det |
| 36 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 hump | nmod |
| 37 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 live | conj |
| 38 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 helps | obj |
| 39 | dig | dig | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 helps | xcomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Brown bears | North America and Europe and Asia | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in america=Location | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | grizzlies and Kodiak bears | brown bears | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | weigh | can | a big Kodiak | 600 kilograms | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kilogram=Value | ||||
| 4 | help | present | Brown bears not said here | kilograms = kilogram | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | dig | infinitive | kilograms = kilogram not said here | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world/6/