Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 13
The axolotl is a salamander that keeps its feathery baby gills and stays in water all its life; wild axolotls live only in a few canals near Mexico City and are critically endangered.
Who acts: axolotl, salamander, wild axolotls · What happens: be, keep, stay, live · To what, where: salamander, feathery baby gills, life, water, few canals
This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (axolotl, salamander, wild axolotls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 axolotl | det |
| 2 | axolotl | axolotl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 salamander | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 salamander | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 salamander | det |
| 5 | salamander | salamander | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 keeps | nsubj |
| 7 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 salamander | acl:relcl |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 gills | nmod:poss |
| 9 | feathery | feathery | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 gills | amod |
| 10 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gills | compound |
| 11 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 keeps | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 stays | cc |
| 13 | stays | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 keeps | conj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 water | case |
| 15 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 stays | obl |
| 16 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 life | det |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 life | nmod:poss |
| 18 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 stays | obl:unmarked |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 live | punct |
| 20 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 axolotls | amod |
| 21 | axolotls | axolotl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 live | nsubj |
| 22 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 salamander | parataxis |
| 23 | only | only | ADV | _ | 22 live | advmod |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 canals | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 canals | det |
| 26 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 canals | amod |
| 27 | canals | canal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 live | obl |
| 28 | near | near | ADP | _ | 30 City | case |
| 29 | Mexico | Mexico | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 City | compound |
| 30 | City | City | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 canals | nmod |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 endangered | cc |
| 32 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 endangered | cop |
| 33 | critically | critically | ADV | _ | 34 endangered | advmod |
| 34 | endangered | endangered | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 live | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 salamander | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the axolotl | a salamander | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | keep | present | a salamander | axolotl's feathery baby gills | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gill=Theme | ||||
| 3 | stay | present | a salamander not said here | axolotl's life | water | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location | |||
| 4 | live | present | wild axolotls | a few canals near Mexico City | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in canal=Location | ||||
| 5 | is | present | wild axolotls not said here | critically, endangered property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/13/