Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures, sentence 11
Kestrels hover by flapping into the wind while keeping the head still, watching for voles and mice, and scientists reported they can see ultraviolet light, which may make vole wee trails glow.
Who acts: Kestrels, scientists, ultraviolet light, vole wee trails · What happens: hover, flap, keep, watch, report, see · To what, where: wind, head, ultraviolet light
This is a sentence of the lesson «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kestrels, scientists, ultraviolet light, vole wee trails), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kestrels | kestrel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 hover | nsubj |
| 2 | hover | hover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 4 flapping | mark |
| 4 | flapping | flap | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 hover | advcl |
| 5 | into | into | ADP | _ | 7 wind | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 wind | det |
| 7 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 flapping | obl |
| 8 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 9 keeping | mark |
| 9 | keeping | keep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 flapping | advcl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 head | det |
| 11 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 keeping | obj |
| 12 | still | still | ADV | _ | 9 keeping | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 watching | punct |
| 14 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 hover | advcl |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 voles | case |
| 16 | voles | vole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 watching | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 mice | cc |
| 18 | mice | mouse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 voles | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 reported | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 reported | cc |
| 21 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 reported | nsubj |
| 22 | reported | report | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 hover | conj |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 see | nsubj |
| 24 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 see | aux |
| 25 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 reported | ccomp |
| 26 | ultraviolet | ultraviolet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 light | amod |
| 27 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 see | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 make | punct |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 make | nsubj |
| 30 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 make | aux |
| 31 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 light | acl:relcl |
| 32 | vole | vole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 trails | compound |
| 33 | wee | wee | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 trails | amod |
| 34 | trails | trail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 glow | nsubj |
| 35 | glow | glow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 make | xcomp |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 hover | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hover | present | Kestrels | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | flap | gerund | Kestrels not said here | the wind | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into wind=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | keep | gerund | Kestrels not said here | the head | still | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | |||
| 4 | watch | gerund | Kestrels not said here | for voles and mice | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for vole=Theme | ||||
| 5 | report | past | scientists | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | see | can | scientists = scientist | ultraviolet light | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | make | may | ultraviolet light | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | glow | infinitive | vole wee trails | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/11/