Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, sentence 14

Swallows from Britain fly about 10,000 km to South Africa for the winter, because a British winter has almost no flying insects for them to eat, and South Africa has plenty.

Who acts: Swallows, British winter, South Africa · What happens: fly, have, eat · To what, where: 10,000 km, South Africa, flying insects, plenty

This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swallows, British winter, South Africa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Swallows	swallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fly	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	3 Britain	case
3	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Swallows	nmod
4	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	about	about	ADV	_	6 10,000	advmod
6	10,000	10000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 km	nummod
7	km	km	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fly	obl
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 Africa	case
9	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Africa	compound
10	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 fly	obl
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 winter	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 winter	det
13	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fly	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 has	punct
15	because	because	SCONJ	_	19 has	mark
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 winter	det
17	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 winter	amod
18	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 has	nsubj
19	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fly	advcl
20	almost	almost	ADV	_	23 insects	advmod
21	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	23 insects	det
22	flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 insects	amod
23	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 has	obj
24	for	for	SCONJ	_	27 eat	mark
25	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 eat	nsubj
26	to	to	PART	_	27 eat	mark
27	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 insects	acl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 has	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 has	cc
30	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 Africa	compound
31	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 has	nsubj
32	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 has	conj
33	plenty	plenty	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 has	obj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 fly	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	roles by
1	fly	present	Swallows from Britain	10,000 km	South Africa	winter	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result
2	have	present	a British winter	no flying insects			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient
3	fly	gerund					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	eat	to-infinitive	Swallows = swallow	no flying insects not said here			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	have	present	South Africa	plenty			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plenty=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/14/