Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, sentence 15
When a perching bird bends its legs, tendons pull its toes tight round the branch, so it can sleep without falling off.
Who acts: perching bird, tendons, km · What happens: perch, bend, pull, sleep, fall off · To what, where: legs, toes
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (perching bird, tendons, km), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 5 bends | mark |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 bird | det |
| 3 | perching | perch | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 bird | amod |
| 4 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 bends | nsubj |
| 5 | bends | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 pull | advcl |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 legs | nmod:poss |
| 7 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 bends | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 tendons | punct |
| 9 | tendons | tendon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 pull | nsubj |
| 10 | pull | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 toes | nmod:poss |
| 12 | toes | toe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 pull | obj |
| 13 | tight | tight | ADV | _ | 10 pull | advmod |
| 14 | round | round | ADP | _ | 16 branch | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 branch | det |
| 16 | branch | branch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 pull | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 sleep | punct |
| 18 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 21 sleep | mark |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 sleep | nsubj |
| 20 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 sleep | aux |
| 21 | sleep | sleep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 pull | conj |
| 22 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 23 falling | mark |
| 23 | falling | fall | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 sleep | advcl |
| 24 | off | off | ADP | _ | 23 falling | compound:prt |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 pull | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | perch | gerund | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | bend | present | a perching bird | km's legs | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent leg=Material | ||||
| 3 | pull | present | tendons | km's toes | round the branch; tight property | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toe=Theme | |||
| 4 | sleep | can | km | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | fall off | gerund | km not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/15/