The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where, sentence 5

Trees drop their leaves to save water when the ground is frozen, bare branches hold less snow, and the buds for next spring are already formed.

Who acts: Trees, bare branches · What happens: drop, save, hold, form · To what, where: leaves, water, less snow, buds

This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Trees, bare branches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 drop	nsubj
2	drop	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 leaves	nmod:poss
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 drop	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 save	mark
6	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 drop	advcl
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 save	obj
8	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	12 frozen	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ground	det
10	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 frozen	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 frozen	aux:pass
12	frozen	frozen	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 save	advcl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 hold	punct
14	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 branches	amod
15	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 hold	nsubj
16	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 drop	conj
17	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	18 snow	amod
18	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 hold	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 formed	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 formed	cc
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 buds	det
22	buds	bud	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 formed	nsubj:pass
23	for	for	ADP	_	25 spring	case
24	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 spring	amod
25	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 buds	nmod
26	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 formed	aux:pass
27	already	already	ADV	_	28 formed	advmod
28	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 drop	conj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 drop	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	drop	present	Trees	Trees's leaves	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme
2	save	to-infinitive	Trees not said here	water	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
3	hold	present	bare branches	less snow	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snow=Theme
4	form	present · passive		the buds for next spring	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/5/