The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where, sentence 7
A cat print shows four toes and no claw marks, because cats pull their claws in when walking, and it is rounder than a dog's print; dogs and foxes cannot pull their claws in, so their claw marks show.
Who acts: cat print, cats, cat, dogs, claw marks, dog · What happens: show, pull in, walk, be, not pull, print · To what, where: four toes, claws
This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cat print, cats, cat, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 print | det |
| 2 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 print | compound |
| 3 | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shows | nsubj | ||
| 4 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 toes | nummod |
| 6 | toes | toe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 shows | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 marks | cc |
| 8 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 10 marks | det |
| 9 | claw | claw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 marks | compound |
| 10 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 toes | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 pull | punct |
| 12 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 14 pull | mark |
| 13 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 pull | nsubj |
| 14 | pull | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 shows | advcl |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 claws | nmod:poss |
| 16 | claws | claw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 pull | obj |
| 17 | in | in | PART | _ | 14 pull | compound:prt |
| 18 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 19 walking | advmod |
| 19 | walking | walk | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 pull | advcl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 rounder | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 rounder | cc |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 rounder | nsubj |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 rounder | cop |
| 24 | rounder | round | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 shows | parataxis |
| 25 | than | than | ADP | _ | 29 print | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 dog | det |
| 27 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 print | nmod:poss |
| 28 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 27 dog | case |
| 29 | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 rounder | obl | ||
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 pull | punct |
| 31 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 pull | nsubj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 foxes | cc |
| 33 | foxes | fox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 dogs | conj |
| 34 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 pull | aux |
| 35 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 36 pull | advmod |
| 36 | pull | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 shows | parataxis |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 claws | nmod:poss |
| 38 | claws | claw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 pull | obj |
| 39 | in | in | ADV | _ | 36 pull | advmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 show | punct |
| 41 | so | so | ADV | _ | 45 show | advmod |
| 42 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 marks | nmod:poss |
| 43 | claw | claw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 marks | compound |
| 44 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 show | nsubj |
| 45 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 pull | parataxis |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 shows | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | a cat print | four toes and no claw marks | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent toe=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | pull in | present | cats | prints's claws | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claw=Theme | ||||
| 3 | walk | gerund | cats not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is | present | cat | than a dog's print; round property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not pull | can | dogs and foxes | prints's claws | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claw=Theme | ||||
| 6 | show | present | prints's claw marks | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | a dog | nom print «communication transitive»: poss=agent | |||||||
| 8 | mark | prints = print | nom mark «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/7/