Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart, sentence 16
Many trees grow about 2.5 centimetres around the trunk each year, so a trunk two metres around may be about 80 years old, but this is only a rough guess because trees grow at different speeds.
Who acts: Many trees, trunk, this, trees · What happens: grow, be · To what, where: 2.5 centimetres, trunk, rough guess, different speeds
This is a sentence of the lesson «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many trees, trunk, this, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 trees | amod |
| 2 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grow | nsubj |
| 3 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | about | about | ADV | _ | 5 2.5 | advmod |
| 5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 centimetres | nummod |
| 6 | centimetres | centimetre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grow | obl |
| 7 | around | around | ADP | _ | 9 trunk | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 trunk | det |
| 9 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grow | obl |
| 10 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 year | det |
| 11 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grow | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 old | punct |
| 13 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 old | advmod |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 trunk | det |
| 15 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 old | nsubj |
| 16 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 metres | nummod |
| 17 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 around | obl |
| 18 | around | around | ADV | _ | 15 trunk | advmod |
| 19 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 old | aux |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 24 old | cop |
| 21 | about | about | ADV | _ | 22 80 | advmod |
| 22 | 80 | 80 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 years | nummod |
| 23 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 old | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 grow | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 guess | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 guess | cc |
| 27 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 32 guess | nsubj |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 guess | cop |
| 29 | only | only | ADV | _ | 32 guess | advmod |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 guess | det |
| 31 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 guess | amod |
| 32 | guess | guess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 old | conj |
| 33 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 35 grow | mark |
| 34 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 grow | nsubj |
| 35 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 guess | advcl |
| 36 | at | at | ADP | _ | 38 speeds | case |
| 37 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 speeds | amod |
| 38 | speeds | speed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 grow | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 grow | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | Many trees | 2.5 centimetres | the trunk | year | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around trunk=Location | ||
| 2 | is | may | a trunk | year | old property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is a | present | this | a rough guess | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | grow | present | trees | different speeds | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at speed=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/16/