Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt, sentence 17
Cheese is made from curds, the soft lumps of thickened milk, pressed and ripened, while whey is the watery liquid left; cheesemakers add bacteria and rennet, a helper that makes milk set into curds; most of the milk sugar drains away with the whey, and about ten litres of milk make a kilogram of hard cheese.
Who acts: whey, cheesemakers, helper, most, ten litres · What happens: make, thicken, press, ripen, be, leave · To what, where: Cheese, curds, soft lumps, watery liquid, bacteria, milk set
This is a sentence of the lesson «Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whey, cheesemakers, helper, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cheese | cheese | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | aux:pass |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 curds | case |
| 5 | curds | curd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 made | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 lumps | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 lumps | det |
| 8 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 lumps | amod |
| 9 | lumps | lump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 curds | appos |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 milk | case |
| 11 | thickened | thicken | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 milk | amod |
| 12 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lumps | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 pressed | punct |
| 14 | pressed | press | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 lumps | acl:relcl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 ripened | cc |
| 16 | ripened | ripen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 pressed | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 liquid | punct |
| 18 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 23 liquid | mark |
| 19 | whey | whey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 liquid | nsubj |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 liquid | cop |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 liquid | det |
| 22 | watery | watery | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 liquid | amod |
| 23 | liquid | liquid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | advcl |
| 24 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 liquid | acl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 add | punct |
| 26 | cheesemakers | cheesemaker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 add | nsubj |
| 27 | add | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis |
| 28 | bacteria | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 add | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 rennet | cc |
| 30 | rennet | rennet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 bacteria | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 helper | punct |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 helper | det |
| 33 | helper | helper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 bacteria | appos |
| 34 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 makes | nsubj |
| 35 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 helper | acl:relcl |
| 36 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 set | compound |
| 37 | set | set | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 makes | xcomp |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 39 curds | case |
| 39 | curds | curd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 set | obl |
| 40 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 46 drains | punct |
| 41 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 46 drains | nsubj |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 sugar | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 sugar | det |
| 44 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 sugar | compound |
| 45 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 most | nmod |
| 46 | drains | drain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis |
| 47 | away | away | ADV | _ | 46 drains | advmod |
| 48 | with | with | ADP | _ | 50 whey | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 whey | det |
| 50 | whey | whey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 drains | obl |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 make | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 make | cc |
| 53 | about | about | ADV | _ | 54 ten | advmod |
| 54 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 55 litres | nummod |
| 55 | litres | litre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 make | nsubj |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 57 milk | case |
| 57 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 litres | nmod |
| 58 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 drains | conj |
| 59 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 60 kilogram | det |
| 60 | kilogram | kilogram | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 make | obj |
| 61 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 cheese | case |
| 62 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 cheese | amod |
| 63 | cheese | cheese | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 kilogram | nmod |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | Cheese | curds | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from curd=Material | ||||
| 2 | thicken | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | press | participle | the soft lumps of thickened milk not said here | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | ripen | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | is a | present | whey | the watery liquid | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | leave | participle | the watery liquid not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | add speech: assert | present | cheesemakers | bacteria and rennet | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Patient | ||||
| 8 | make | present | a helper | milk set | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 9 | drain away | present | most of the milk sugar | with the whey; away property | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source | ||||
| 10 | make | present | ten litres of milk | a kilogram of hard cheese | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset kilogram=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/17/