Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grapes grow, sentence 6
A ripe apple gives off a gas called ethylene that tells nearby fruit to ripen, which is why a hard green banana shut in a paper bag with an apple ripens fast, and why one rotten apple spoils the bowl.
Who acts: ripe apple, gas, nearby fruit, hard green banana, one rotten apple · What happens: give off, call, tell, ripen, be, shut · To what, where: gas, ethylene, nearby fruit, hard green banana, paper bag, bowl · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grapes grow» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ripe apple, gas, nearby fruit, hard green banana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 apple | det |
| 2 | ripe | ripe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 apple | amod |
| 3 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gives | nsubj |
| 4 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | off | off | ADP | _ | 4 gives | compound:prt |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 gas | det |
| 7 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gives | obj |
| 8 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 gas | acl |
| 9 | ethylene | ethylene | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 called | xcomp |
| 10 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 tells | nsubj |
| 11 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 gas | acl:relcl |
| 12 | nearby | nearby | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 fruit | amod |
| 13 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 tells | obj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 ripen | mark |
| 15 | ripen | ripen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 tells | xcomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 why | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 why | nsubj |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 why | cop |
| 19 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 tells | conj |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 banana | det |
| 21 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 banana | amod |
| 22 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 banana | amod |
| 23 | banana | banana | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 ripens | nsubj |
| 24 | shut | shut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 banana | acl |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 bag | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 bag | det |
| 27 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 bag | compound |
| 28 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 shut | obl |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 apple | case |
| 30 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 apple | det |
| 31 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 shut | obl |
| 32 | ripens | ripen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 why | advcl:relcl |
| 33 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 ripens | advmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 why | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 why | cc |
| 36 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 gives | conj |
| 37 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 39 apple | nummod |
| 38 | rotten | rotten | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 apple | amod |
| 39 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 spoils | nsubj |
| 40 | spoils | spoil | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 ripens | conj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 bowl | det |
| 42 | bowl | bowl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 spoils | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 gives | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give off | present | a ripe apple | a gas | vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source gas=Theme | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | a gas not said here | ethylene | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | present | a gas | nearby fruit | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent fruit=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | ripen not said to happen | to-infinitive | nearby fruit not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | is | present | why property | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | shut | participle | a hard green banana not said here | a paper bag | with a apple | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with apple=Instrument | |||
| 7 | ripen | present | a hard green banana | fast property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 8 | spoil | present | one rotten apple | the bowl | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:346-fruit-how-apples-bananas-oranges-strawberries-and-grapes-grow.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/346-fruit-how-apples-bananas-oranges-strawberries-and-grapes-grow/6/