Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands, sentence 12
Cracking knuckles makes a pop as a gas bubble forms in the joint fluid; one doctor cracked the knuckles of one hand for 60 years and found no arthritis, a painful stiffness of the joints, and studies have not shown it to be harmful.
Who acts: Cracking, gas bubble, one doctor, studies · What happens: crack, make, form, find, not show, be · To what, where: knuckles, pop, joint fluid, arthritis, doctor
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cracking, gas bubble, one doctor, studies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cracking | crack | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 makes | csubj |
| 2 | knuckles | knuckle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Cracking | obj |
| 3 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 pop | det |
| 5 | pop | pop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 makes | obj |
| 6 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 forms | mark |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 bubble | det |
| 8 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 bubble | compound |
| 9 | bubble | bubble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 forms | nsubj |
| 10 | forms | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 makes | advcl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 fluid | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 fluid | det |
| 13 | joint | joint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 fluid | compound |
| 14 | fluid | fluid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 forms | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 cracked | punct |
| 16 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 doctor | nummod |
| 17 | doctor | doctor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cracked | nsubj |
| 18 | cracked | crack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 makes | parataxis |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 knuckles | det |
| 20 | knuckles | knuckle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 cracked | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 hand | case |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 hand | nummod |
| 23 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 knuckles | nmod |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 26 years | case |
| 25 | 60 | 60 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 years | nummod |
| 26 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 cracked | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 found | cc |
| 28 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 cracked | conj |
| 29 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 30 arthritis | det |
| 30 | arthritis | arthritis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 found | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 stiffness | punct |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 stiffness | det |
| 33 | painful | painful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 stiffness | amod |
| 34 | stiffness | stiffness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 arthritis | appos |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 joints | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 joints | det |
| 37 | joints | joint | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 stiffness | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 shown | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 shown | cc |
| 40 | studies | study | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 shown | nsubj |
| 41 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 shown | aux |
| 42 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 43 shown | advmod |
| 43 | shown | show | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 makes | conj |
| 44 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 shown | obj |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 47 harmful | mark |
| 46 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 47 harmful | cop |
| 47 | harmful | harmful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 shown | xcomp |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 makes | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crack | gerund | knuckles | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location knuckle=Theme | |||||
| 2 | make | present | Cracking | a pop | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pop=Product | ||||
| 3 | form | present | a gas bubble | the joint fluid | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fluid=Location | ||||
| 4 | crack | past | one doctor | the knuckles of one hand | year | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location knuckle=Theme | |||
| 5 | find | past | one doctor not said here | no arthritis | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arthritis=Topic | ||||
| 6 | not show | present · perfect | studies | doctor | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient | ||||
| 7 | is | to-infinitive | studies not said here | harmful property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/12/