Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of a baby, sentence 5

The kneecap protects the front of the knee and helps the thigh muscles pull; in babies it is soft cartilage that turns to bone over the first years.

Who acts: kneecap, thigh muscles, soft cartilage · What happens: protect, help, pull, be, turn · To what, where: front, soft cartilage, babies, bone

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of a baby» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kneecap, thigh muscles, soft cartilage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 kneecap	det
2	kneecap	kneecap	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 protects	nsubj
3	protects	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 front	det
5	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 protects	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 knee	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 knee	det
8	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 front	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 helps	cc
10	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 protects	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 muscles	det
12	thigh	thigh	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 muscles	compound
13	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 pull	nsubj
14	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 helps	xcomp
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 protects	punct
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 babies	case
17	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 cartilage	obl
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 cartilage	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 cartilage	cop
20	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 cartilage	amod
21	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 protects	parataxis
22	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 turns	nsubj
23	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 cartilage	acl:relcl
24	to	to	ADP	_	25 bone	case
25	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 turns	obl
26	over	over	ADP	_	29 years	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 years	det
28	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	29 years	amod
29	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 turns	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 protects	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	protect	present	the kneecap	the front of the knee			vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent front=Beneficiary
2	help	present	the kneecap not said here				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	pull	infinitive	the thigh muscles				vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	is a	present	kneecap	soft cartilage	babies		tree rules
5	turn	present	soft cartilage		bone	year	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to bone=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby/5/