Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles, sentence 14
The biggest muscle is the gluteus maximus in the bottom, which helps hold you upright and push you up stairs; the smallest is a tiny muscle in the middle ear that helps protect hearing from loud sounds.
Who acts: biggest muscle, gluteus maximus, smallest, tiny muscle · What happens: be, help, hold, push up, protect · To what, where: gluteus maximus, bottom, you, tiny muscle, middle ear, hearing
This is a sentence of the lesson «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (biggest muscle, gluteus maximus, smallest, tiny muscle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 muscle | det |
| 2 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 muscle | amod |
| 3 | muscle | muscle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 maximus | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 maximus | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 maximus | det |
| 6 | gluteus | gluteus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 maximus | compound |
| 7 | maximus | maximus | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 bottom | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 bottom | det |
| 10 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 maximus | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 helps | punct |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 helps | nsubj |
| 13 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 maximus | acl:relcl |
| 14 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 helps | xcomp |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 hold | obj |
| 16 | upright | upright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 hold | xcomp |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 push | cc |
| 18 | push | push | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 hold | conj |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 push | obj |
| 20 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 push | compound:prt |
| 21 | stairs | stair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 push | obj |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 muscle | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 smallest | det |
| 24 | smallest | small | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 28 muscle | nsubj |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 muscle | cop |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 muscle | det |
| 27 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 muscle | amod |
| 28 | muscle | muscle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 maximus | parataxis |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 ear | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 ear | det |
| 31 | middle | middle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 ear | amod |
| 32 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 muscle | nmod |
| 33 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 helps | nsubj |
| 34 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 muscle | acl:relcl |
| 35 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 helps | xcomp |
| 36 | hearing | hearing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 protect | obj |
| 37 | from | from | ADP | _ | 39 sounds | case |
| 38 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 sounds | amod |
| 39 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 hearing | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 maximus | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the biggest muscle | the gluteus maximus | the bottom | tree rules | |||
| 2 | help | present | the gluteus maximus | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | hold | infinitive | the gluteus maximus not said here | you | upright property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme | |||
| 4 | push up | infinitive | the gluteus maximus not said here | you | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent you=Theme stair=Destination | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | the smallest | a tiny muscle | the middle ear | tree rules | |||
| 6 | help | present | a tiny muscle | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | protect | infinitive | a tiny muscle not said here | hearing | from loud sounds | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent hearing=Beneficiary from sound=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/14/