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Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles, sentence 14

The biggest muscle is the gluteus maximus in the bottom, which helps hold you upright and push you up stairs; the smallest is a tiny muscle in the middle ear that helps protect hearing from loud sounds.

Who acts: biggest muscle, gluteus maximus, smallest, tiny muscle · What happens: be, help, hold, push up, protect · To what, where: gluteus maximus, bottom, you, tiny muscle, middle ear, hearing

This is a sentence of the lesson «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (biggest muscle, gluteus maximus, smallest, tiny muscle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

detamodnsubjcopdetcompoundcasedetnmodpunctnsubjacl:relclxcompobjxcompccconjobjcompound:prtobjpunctdetnsubjcopdetamodparataxiscasedetamodnmodnsubjacl:relclxcompobjcaseamodnmodpunctrootTheDETbiggestADJmuscleNOUNisAUXtheDETgluteusNOUNmaximusNOUNinADPtheDETbottomNOUN,PUNCTwhichPRONhelpsVERBholdVERByouPRONuprightADJandCCONJpushVERByouPRONupADPstairsNOUN;PUNCTtheDETsmallestADJisAUXaDETtinyADJmuscleNOUNinADPtheDETmiddleADJearNOUNthatPRONhelpsVERBprotectVERBhearingNOUNfromADPloudADJsoundsNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art3 muscledet
2biggestbigADJDegree=Sup3 muscleamod
3musclemuscleNOUNNumber=Sing7 maximusnsubj
4isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin7 maximuscop
5thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art7 maximusdet
6gluteusgluteusNOUNNumber=Sing7 maximuscompound
7maximusmaximusNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
8ininADP_10 bottomcase
9thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 bottomdet
10bottombottomNOUNNumber=Sing7 maximusnmod
11,,PUNCT_13 helpspunct
12whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel13 helpsnsubj
13helpshelpVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin7 maximusacl:relcl
14holdholdVERBVerbForm=Inf13 helpsxcomp
15youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs14 holdobj
16uprightuprightADJDegree=Pos14 holdxcomp
17andandCCONJ_18 pushcc
18pushpushVERBVerbForm=Inf14 holdconj
19youyouPRONCase=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs18 pushobj
20upupADP_18 pushcompound:prt
21stairsstairNOUNNumber=Plur18 pushobj
22;;PUNCT_28 musclepunct
23thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art24 smallestdet
24smallestsmallADJDegree=Sup28 musclensubj
25isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin28 musclecop
26aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art28 muscledet
27tinytinyADJDegree=Pos28 muscleamod
28musclemuscleNOUNNumber=Sing7 maximusparataxis
29ininADP_32 earcase
30thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 eardet
31middlemiddleADJDegree=Pos32 earamod
32earearNOUNNumber=Sing28 musclenmod
33thatthatPRONPronType=Rel34 helpsnsubj
34helpshelpVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin28 muscleacl:relcl
35protectprotectVERBVerbForm=Inf34 helpsxcomp
36hearinghearingNOUNNumber=Sing35 protectobj
37fromfromADP_39 soundscase
38loudloudADJDegree=Pos39 soundsamod
39soundssoundNOUNNumber=Plur36 hearingnmod
40..PUNCT_7 maximuspunct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1is apresentthe biggest musclethe gluteus maximusthe bottomtree rules
2helppresentthe gluteus maximusvn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3holdinfinitivethe gluteus maximus not said hereyouupright propertyvn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme
4push upinfinitivethe gluteus maximus not said hereyouvn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent you=Theme stair=Destination
5is apresentthe smallesta tiny musclethe middle eartree rules
6helppresenta tiny musclevn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
7protectinfinitivea tiny muscle not said herehearingfrom loud soundsvn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent hearing=Beneficiary from sound=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/14/