Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger, sentence 8
In the teenage growth spurt children can grow about 8 to 10 centimetres in a year; feet and hands grow first, then legs, then the body, and shoe size often stops changing a year or two before height.
Who acts: children, feet, shoe size · What happens: grow, stop, change · To what, where: 8 centimetres, teenage growth spurt
This is a sentence of the lesson «Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, feet, shoe size), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 5 spurt | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 spurt | det |
| 3 | teenage | teenage | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 spurt | amod |
| 4 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 spurt | compound |
| 5 | spurt | spurt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 grow | obl |
| 6 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 grow | nsubj |
| 7 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 grow | aux |
| 8 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 9 | about | about | ADV | _ | 10 8 | advmod |
| 10 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 centimetres | nummod |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 10 | case |
| 12 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 8 | nmod |
| 13 | centimetres | centimetre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 grow | obj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 year | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 year | det |
| 16 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 grow | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 feet | punct |
| 18 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 grow | nsubj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 hands | cc |
| 20 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 feet | conj |
| 21 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 grow | parataxis |
| 22 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 21 grow | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 legs | punct |
| 24 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 25 legs | advmod |
| 25 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 grow | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 body | punct |
| 27 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 29 body | advmod |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 body | det |
| 29 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 legs | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 stops | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 stops | cc |
| 32 | shoe | shoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 size | compound |
| 33 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 stops | nsubj |
| 34 | often | often | ADV | _ | 35 stops | advmod |
| 35 | stops | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 grow | conj |
| 36 | changing | change | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 stops | xcomp |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 year | det |
| 38 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 changing | obl:unmarked |
| 39 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 40 two | cc |
| 40 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 38 year | conj |
| 41 | before | before | ADP | _ | 42 height | case |
| 42 | height | height | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 changing | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 grow | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | can | children | 8 centimetres | the teenage growth spurt | year | legs and the body obl | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location centimetre=Theme | |
| 2 | grow | present | feet and hands | first property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | stop | present | shoe size | often property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | change | gerund | shoe size not said here | before height; year | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/8/