Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, sentence 8

Millions of monarch butterflies fly up to about 4,000 km from Canada and the United States to mountain forests in Mexico for winter, and it takes several generations to fly back north.

Who acts: Millions, it · What happens: fly up, take, fly back · To what, where: Canada, several generations

This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Millions, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fly	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 butterflies	case
3	monarch	monarch	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 butterflies	compound
4	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Millions	nmod
5	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 fly	compound:prt
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 4,000	case
8	about	about	ADV	_	9 4,000	advmod
9	4,000	4,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 fly	obl
10	km	km	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 4,000	nmod:unmarked
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 Canada	case
12	Canada	Canada	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 fly	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 States	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 States	det
15	United	United	PROPN	_	16 States	flat
16	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	12 Canada	conj
17	to	to	ADP	_	19 forests	case
18	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 forests	compound
19	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fly	obl
20	in	in	ADP	_	21 Mexico	case
21	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 forests	nmod
22	for	for	ADP	_	23 winter	case
23	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fly	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 takes	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 takes	cc
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 takes	nsubj
27	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fly	conj
28	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 generations	amod
29	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 takes	obj
30	to	to	PART	_	31 fly	mark
31	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 takes	csubj
32	back	back	ADV	_	31 fly	advmod
33	north	north	ADV	_	31 fly	advmod
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 fly	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly up	present	Millions of monarch butterflies		Canada and the United States	winter	to 4,000 km; to mountain forests in Mexico	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source PP.destination PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent to 4,000=Initial_Location from canada=Trajectory to forest=Destination
2	take	present	it	several generations				vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent generation=Theme
3	fly back	to-infinitive					north property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/8/