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China's mountains: golden snub-nosed monkeys, takins, red-crowned cranes and giant salamanders, sentence 19

The giant salamander takes much of its oxygen through its skin, and the wrinkly folds along its sides give it more skin; it has four toes on each front foot and five on each back foot.

Who acts: giant salamander, wrinkly folds, salamander · What happens: take, give, have · To what, where: much, skin, more skin, salamander, four toes, front foot

This is a sentence of the lesson «China's mountains: golden snub-nosed monkeys, takins, red-crowned cranes and giant salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (giant salamander, wrinkly folds, salamander), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

detamodnsubjobjcasenmod:possnmodcasenmod:possoblpunctccdetamodnsubjcasenmod:possnmodconjiobjamodobjpunctnsubjparataxisnummodobjcasedetamodnmodccconjcasedetcompoundnmodpunctrootTheDETgiantADJsalamanderNOUNtakesVERBmuchADJofADPitsPRONoxygenNOUNthroughADPitsPRONskinNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtheDETwrinklyADJfoldsNOUNalongADPitsPRONsidesNOUNgiveVERBitPRONmoreADJskinNOUN;PUNCTitPRONhasVERBfourNUMtoesNOUNonADPeachDETfrontADJfootNOUNandCCONJfiveNUMonADPeachDETbackNOUNfootNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art3 salamanderdet
2giantgiantADJDegree=Pos3 salamanderamod
3salamandersalamanderNOUNNumber=Sing4 takesnsubj
4takestakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
5muchmuchADJDegree=Pos4 takesobj
6ofofADP_8 oxygencase
7itsitsPRONCase=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs8 oxygennmod:poss
8oxygenoxygenNOUNNumber=Sing5 muchnmod
9throughthroughADP_11 skincase
10itsitsPRONCase=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs11 skinnmod:poss
11skinskinNOUNNumber=Sing4 takesobl
12,,PUNCT_20 givepunct
13andandCCONJ_20 givecc
14thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art16 foldsdet
15wrinklywrinklyADJDegree=Pos16 foldsamod
16foldsfoldNOUNNumber=Plur20 givensubj
17alongalongADP_19 sidescase
18itsitsPRONCase=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs19 sidesnmod:poss
19sidessideNOUNNumber=Plur16 foldsnmod
20givegiveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 takesconj
21ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs20 giveiobj
22moremoreADJDegree=Cmp23 skinamod
23skinskinNOUNNumber=Sing20 giveobj
24;;PUNCT_26 haspunct
25ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs26 hasnsubj
26hashaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 takesparataxis
27fourfourNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card28 toesnummod
28toestoeNOUNNumber=Plur26 hasobj
29ononADP_32 footcase
30eacheachDETPronType=Tot32 footdet
31frontfrontADJDegree=Pos32 footamod
32footfootNOUNNumber=Sing28 toesnmod
33andandCCONJ_34 fivecc
34fivefiveNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card32 footconj
35ononADP_38 footcase
36eacheachDETPronType=Tot38 footdet
37backbackNOUNNumber=Sing38 footcompound
38footfootNOUNNumber=Sing34 fivenmod
39..PUNCT_4 takespunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1takepresentthe giant salamandermuch of salamander's oxygensalamander's skinvn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Theme
2givepresentthe wrinkly folds along salamander's sidesmore skinsalamandervn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient skin=Theme
3havepresentsalamanderfour toeseach front footvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toe=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:378-china-s-mountains-golden-snub-nosed-monkeys-takins-red-crowned-cranes-and-giant-salamanders.lesson:19.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

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