China's mountains: golden snub-nosed monkeys, takins, red-crowned cranes and giant salamanders, sentence 20
Many giant salamanders were caught for food and farms bred millions; DNA tests found there are really several kinds, and farm animals released into rivers mixed them up, so scientists try to save each kind in its own river.
Who acts: farms, DNA tests, several kinds, farm animals, scientists · What happens: catch, breed, find, be, release, mix up · To what, where: Many giant salamanders, millions, farm animals, rivers, kinds, kind · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «China's mountains: golden snub-nosed monkeys, takins, red-crowned cranes and giant salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farms, DNA tests, several kinds, farm animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 salamanders | amod |
| 2 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 salamanders | amod |
| 3 | salamanders | salamander | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 caught | aux:pass |
| 5 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 food | case |
| 7 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 caught | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 bred | cc |
| 9 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 bred | nsubj |
| 10 | bred | breed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 caught | conj |
| 11 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 bred | obj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 found | punct |
| 13 | DNA | DNA | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tests | compound |
| 14 | tests | test | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 found | nsubj |
| 15 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 caught | parataxis |
| 16 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 17 are | expl |
| 17 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 found | ccomp |
| 18 | really | really | ADV | _ | 19 several | advmod |
| 19 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 kinds | amod |
| 20 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 are | nsubj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 mixed | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 mixed | cc |
| 23 | farm | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 animals | compound |
| 24 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 mixed | nsubj |
| 25 | released | release | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 animals | acl |
| 26 | into | into | ADP | _ | 27 rivers | case |
| 27 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 released | obl |
| 28 | mixed | mix | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 found | conj |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 mixed | obj |
| 30 | up | up | ADP | _ | 28 mixed | compound:prt |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 try | punct |
| 32 | so | so | ADV | _ | 34 try | advmod |
| 33 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 try | nsubj |
| 34 | try | try | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 are | conj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 save | mark |
| 36 | save | save | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 try | xcomp |
| 37 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 kind | det |
| 38 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 save | obj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 river | case |
| 40 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 river | nmod:poss |
| 41 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 river | amod |
| 42 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 save | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 caught | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | catch | past · passive | Many giant salamanders | for food | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for food=Beneficiary | ||||
| 2 | breed | past | farms | millions | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | find | past | DNA tests | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | does | present | several kinds | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | release | participle | farm animals not said here | rivers | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer | ||||
| 6 | mix up | past | farm animals | kinds = kind | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||||
| 7 | try | present | scientists | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 8 | save not said to happen | to-infinitive | scientists not said here | each kind | salamander's own river | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:378-china-s-mountains-golden-snub-nosed-monkeys-takins-red-crowned-cranes-and-giant-salamanders.lesson:20.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/378-china-s-mountains-golden-snub-nosed-monkeys-takins-red-crowned-cranes-and-giant-salamanders/20/