How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans, sentence 15

In a test reported in 2021, cuttlefish waited for their favourite shrimp instead of eating a less tasty crab at once, which needs self-control.

Who acts: cuttlefish, tasty crab · What happens: report, wait, eat, need · To what, where: test, 2021, tasty crab, self control

This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cuttlefish, tasty crab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 test	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 test	det
3	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 waited	obl
4	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 test	acl
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 2021	case
6	2021	2021	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 reported	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 test	punct
8	cuttlefish	cuttlefish	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 waited	nsubj
9	waited	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	for	for	ADP	_	13 shrimp	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 shrimp	nmod:poss
12	favourite	favourite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 shrimp	amod
13	shrimp	shrimp	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 waited	obl
14	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=SCONJ	16 eating	mark
15	of	of	ADP	_	14 instead	fixed
16	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 waited	advcl
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 crab	det
18	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	19 tasty	advmod
19	tasty	tasty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 crab	amod
20	crab	crab	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 eating	obj
21	at	at	ADP	_	22 once	case
22	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	20 crab	nmod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 needs	punct
24	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	25 needs	nsubj
25	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 crab	acl:relcl
26	self	self	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 control	compound
27	-	-	PUNCT	_	26 self	punct
28	control	control	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 needs	obj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 waited	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	report	participle		a test not said here	2021		vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	wait	past	cuttlefish		a test	for children's favourite shrimp	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in test=Location
3	eat	gerund	cuttlefish not said here	a tasty crab			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crab=Patient
4	need	present	a tasty crab	self control			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot control=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/15/