How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans, sentence 16

Alex the grey parrot learned to name colours and shapes, say the number of objects up to about six and say «none» when two things had no difference.

Who acts: Alex, two things · What happens: learn, name, say up, say, have · To what, where: colours, number, six, none, difference · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alex, two things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Alex	Alex	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 learned	nsubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 parrot	det
3	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 parrot	amod
4	parrot	parrot	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Alex	appos
5	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 name	mark
7	name	name	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 learned	xcomp
8	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 name	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 shapes	cc
10	shapes	shape	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 colours	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 say	punct
12	say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 learned	parataxis
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 number	det
14	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 say	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 objects	case
16	objects	object	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 number	nmod
17	up	up	ADP	_	12 say	compound:prt
18	to	to	ADP	_	20 six	case
19	about	about	ADV	_	20 six	advmod
20	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 say	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 say	cc
22	say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	12 say	conj
23	«	«	ADP	_	24 none	case
24	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	22 say	obj
25	»	»	PUNCT	_	24 none	punct
26	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	29 had	advmod
27	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	28 things	nummod
28	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 had	nsubj
29	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 say	advcl
30	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	31 difference	det
31	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 had	obj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 learned	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	learn	past	Alex			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	name	to-infinitive	Alex not said here	colours and shapes		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Theme
3	say up speech: assert	infinitive		the number of objects	six	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent number=Topic to six=Recipient
4	say speech: assert	infinitive		none		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent none=Topic
5	have	past	two things	no difference		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difference=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/16/