The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds, sentence 12
Spotted hyenas live in clans led by females, catch most of their own food and use whoops and giggles to talk; lions often steal from hyenas as well as the other way round.
Who acts: Spotted hyenas, lions · What happens: spot, live, lead, catch, use, talk · To what, where: clans, most, whoops, hyenas
This is a sentence of the lesson «The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spotted hyenas, lions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spotted | spot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 hyenas | amod |
| 2 | hyenas | hyena | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 live | nsubj |
| 3 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 clans | case |
| 5 | clans | clan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 live | obl |
| 6 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 clans | acl |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 females | case |
| 8 | females | female | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 led | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 catch | punct |
| 10 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 live | conj |
| 11 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 10 catch | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 food | case |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 food | nmod:poss |
| 14 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 food | amod |
| 15 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 most | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 use | cc |
| 17 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 live | conj |
| 18 | whoops | whoop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 use | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 giggles | cc |
| 20 | giggles | giggle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 whoops | conj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 talk | mark |
| 22 | talk | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 use | advcl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 lions | punct |
| 24 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 steal | nsubj |
| 25 | often | often | ADV | _ | 26 steal | advmod |
| 26 | steal | steal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 live | parataxis |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 hyenas | case |
| 28 | hyenas | hyena | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 steal | obl |
| 29 | as | as | ADV | ExtPos=ADV | 3 live | advmod |
| 30 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 29 as | fixed |
| 31 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 way | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 way | det |
| 33 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 way | amod |
| 34 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 live | obl |
| 35 | round | round | ADV | _ | 34 way | advmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spot | participle | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | ||||||
| 2 | live | present | Spotted hyenas | clans | as the other way | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in clan=Location | |||
| 3 | lead | participle | clans not said here | by females | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by female=Destination | ||||
| 4 | catch | present | Spotted hyenas not said here | most of hyenas's own food | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme | ||||
| 5 | use | present | Spotted hyenas not said here | whoops and giggles | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whoop=Patient | ||||
| 6 | talk | to-infinitive | Spotted hyenas not said here | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | steal | present | lions | hyenas | often property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:004-the-savanna.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/4-the-savanna/12/