The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mole, the otter, the toad and the river birds, sentence 17
Mayflies are eaten by trout and other fish that leap up at them, not by otters; an adult mayfly lives only a day or two and cannot even eat, after a year or more as a young nymph under the water.
Who acts: trout, other fish, adult mayfly · What happens: eat, leap up, live, not eat · To what, where: Mayflies
This is a sentence of the lesson «The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mole, the otter, the toad and the river birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trout, other fish, adult mayfly), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mayflies | mayfly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 eaten | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 eaten | aux:pass |
| 3 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 trout | case |
| 5 | trout | trout | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 eaten | obl:agent |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 fish | cc |
| 7 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 fish | amod |
| 8 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 trout | conj |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 leap | nsubj |
| 10 | leap | leap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 fish | acl:relcl |
| 11 | up | up | ADP | _ | 10 leap | compound:prt |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 them | case |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 leap | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 otters | punct |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 otters | advmod |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 otters | case |
| 17 | otters | otter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 eaten | obl:agent |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 lives | punct |
| 19 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 mayfly | det |
| 20 | adult | adult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 mayfly | amod |
| 21 | mayfly | mayfly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 lives | nsubj |
| 22 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 eaten | conj |
| 23 | only | only | ADV | _ | 25 day | advmod |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 day | det |
| 25 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 lives | obl |
| 26 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 27 two | cc |
| 27 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 day | conj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 eat | cc |
| 29 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 eat | aux |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 eat | advmod |
| 31 | even | even | ADV | _ | 32 eat | advmod |
| 32 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 lives | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 year | punct |
| 34 | after | after | ADP | _ | 36 year | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 year | det |
| 36 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 eat | obl |
| 37 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 38 more | cc |
| 38 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 36 year | conj |
| 39 | as | as | ADP | _ | 42 nymph | case |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 nymph | det |
| 41 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 nymph | amod |
| 42 | nymph | nymph | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 eat | obl |
| 43 | under | under | ADP | _ | 45 water | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 water | det |
| 45 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 nymph | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 eaten | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | present · passive | trout and other fish | Mayflies | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | leap up | present | other fish | at Mayflies = mayfly | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at they=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | live | present | a adult mayfly | day | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not eat | can | a adult mayfly not said here | year | as a young nymph under the water | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds/17/